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Biofortified Crops as Part of a More Diverse Diet
HarvestPlus IFPRI Seminar October 21 2015 “Getting to One Billion: Scaling Up Biofortification”
International Food Policy Research InstitutePoverty, Health and Nutrition Division
Namukolo Covic (PhD)
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Nutrition & Food Security Indicators (Sources FAOSTATS, 2015; UNICEF, 2015)
Under 5 nutrition indicators
Wasting Underweight Stunting Overweight0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
SA-2008 Botswana-2008Ethiopia 2014 Zambia-2014
Food security indicators
Ad energy supp (%) Undernourishment (%)0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
South Africa Botswana Ethiopia Zambia
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IYCF practices(Sources FAOSTATS, 2015; UNICEF, 2015)
Breast feeding practices
EBF <6Mo (%) BF at 1 yeat (%)0
20
40
60
80
100
120
South Africa-2003 Botswana-2007Ethiopia- 2011 Zambia-2013-14
Compl diet quality 6-23 Mo
Min DD (%) Min Accept diet (%)0
5
10
15
20
25
South Africa-2003 Botswana-2007Ethiopia-2011 Zambia-2013-14
Increasing evidence of efficacy
Iron Pearl Millet & Iron Deficiency
• India: A study found that iron pearl millet can significantly reduce iron deficiency in children 12-16 years after six months of intervention.
A Randomized Trial of Iron-Biofortified Pearl Millet in School Children in India. The Journal of Nutrition. 2015
Orange Sweet Potato
• Vitamin A-rich orange sweet potato (OSP) released in several African countries.
• High rates of adoption and consumption, resulted in increased vitamin A intakes among women and children in Uganda and Mozambique.
A large-scale intervention to introduce orange sweet potato in rural Mozambique increases vitamin A intakes among children and women. British Journal of Nutrition, 2011
Introduction of β-Carotene–Rich Orange Sweet Potato in Rural Uganda Results in Increased Vitamin A Intakes among Children and Women and Improved Vitamin A Status among Children. Journal of Nutrition, 2012
Impact on vitamin A intakes
HarvestPlus. Disseminating Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato: Findings from a HarvestPlus Project in Mozambique and Uganda. 2012. Washington, D.C.: HarvestPlus.
Vitamin A OSP & Diarrhea
• Eating orange sweet potato reduced incidence and duration of diarrhea in children. – For children < 3 years: likelihood of
developing diarrhea was reduced by more than 50% and duration of diarrhea reduced by more than 25%.
– For children < 5 years: likelihood of developing diarrhea was reduced by more than 40% and duration of diarrhea reduced by more than 10%.
Diarrhea –a leading causes of death in children < 5 in developing countries.
Using Agriculture to Improve Child Health: Promoting Orange Sweet Potatoes Reduces Diarrhea. World Development. 2015
Vitamin A Maize & Vit A status
Vitamin A ‘orange’ maize found to increase vitamin A liver stores in children as effectively as supplements.
nshima, made from orange maize
Biofortified orange maize is as efficacious as a vitamin A supplement in Zambian children even in the presence of high liver reserves of vitamin A: a community-based, randomized placebo-controlled trial.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; December 2014
Biofortified foods as part of a diverse diet
• Iron beans• Iron pearl millet• Orange-fleshed sweet
potato• Vitamin A cassava• Vitamin A maize• Zinc rice• Zinc wheat
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