Carver IT Security for Librarians

IT Security For Librarians:Outrunning The Bear@ Your LibraryBlake Carver – blake.carver@lyrasis.orgLYRASIS Systems Administrator

Attackers are economically rational – they take scarce resources and apply them efficiently to achieve a desired outcome. As a defender, making the target less attractive or too expensive for that economically rational actor means they will go after something else. “It’s like the old saying: you don’t have to outrun the bear. You just have to outrun your friend.”

Brad Arkin, Adobe's chief security officer

Everything You Need To KnowBuild a Defensible Library

Lock Everything Down

Assume your secrets are not safe

Threat Modeling

Training

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Libraries Live Below The Security Poverty Line

(Wendy Nather)

We simply can't afford to reach a great level of security

Few or no IT PeopleFew or no Security PeopleHard to keep up with technology and securityMaintenance, planning, strategy are 2nd to OMGDepend on consultants, vendors, family, patrons, friends, volunteers, etc...

This leaves us in a bad place

Defaults Old and outdated Workarounds Not much control No time to focus "We'll fix it later"

So what can we do?

Budget? Buy things that are more secure. Question our vendors and partners on

security. Use our consortia

So what can we do?

Develop a good Threat Model Set achievable security goals Learning, Planning & Training Develop IT- and security-focused

community groups for the exchange of ideas, information and known security threats. (Associations and Conferences)

Make Your Library Defensible

Able To Be Defended• Defensible does not mean secure

• There are more things to defend than there are resources to defend with

• Defensibility focuses on what, why, how, when and from whom

Defensible Libraries

• A change in mindset• Awareness of limitations & weaknesses• Awareness of threats• An admission of inconvenience • A lot of hard, detailed and underappreciated work.

So Let’s Think About…

• What do we have to secure?• Who wants it?• How could they acquire it?• How could they benefit from its use?

–Can they sell it? –Can they hold it hostage?–Can they use & abuse it?

• How damaging would the loss of data be?• How would this effect library operations?• How secure do we really need to be?

But We’re Just A Library

IT Security For Libraries

We Are All Targets

IT Security For Libraries

Why A Library?

Easy Access to PII

Organizational Rigidity

Limited Resources

Academic Mindset

Target Rich Environment

Krebs on Security.

Hacked Library

Every access point to the internet is potential breach.

83% targets of opportunity92% of attacks were easy85% were found by a 3rd party

IT Security For Libraries

Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report

84% were found by a 3rd party

Bad guys were in for 175 days before they were discovered.

Trustwave 2012 Global Security Report

IT Security For Libraries

It’s Easy Being Bad

IT Security For Libraries

The attacker only needs to succeed once...

IT Security For Libraries

While we need to catch every single thing...

IT Security For Libraries

Staying safe takes more than just a firewall & AV/AM...

IT Security For Libraries

Passwords

Your security software / hardware is a seat belt – not a force field.

IT Security For Libraries

Complexity is the Enemy of Security

• We have no shortage of access points

• We deal with any number of vendors

• Threats come from outside the libraries

• Threats come from inside the libraries

•Our libraries are full of people

IT Security For Libraries

“If It Ain’t Broke...”

• The vast majority of attacks…–Won’t be targeted–Will Be Easily Avoidable–Will be invisible

Do something.... Do Anything!

IT Security For Libraries

Don't Make Things Easy

There are more things to defend than there are resources to defend with

Not every asset in your organization is equally valuable

An attacker will always pick the weakest point of entry…

…but you can't know which point that is

The Weakest Point In A Library?

Public Access Computers

IT Security For Libraries

Public Access Computers

Staying Safe On This Computer:

–Make Sure You Log Out

–Don’t Access Sensitive Sites

–Beware of the "remember me" option

–Don't send personal or financial information via email or insecure websites

IT Security For Libraries

Technical Countermeasures

Most exploits used “old” issues that have been

patched

There is no longer a window to patch when a vulnerability or exploit is discovered, in public or private.Brad Arkin, Adobe

Locking Down Public Access Computers

• Patching and Updating–OS and *ALL* Applications

• Whitelisting• Passwords• SteadyState / DeepFreeze / SmartShield

• Don’t use Windows?

• Don’t use IE?

IT Security For Libraries

35 Strategies to Mitigate Targeted Cyber Intrusions

Library Information Security System Assessment Model (LISSAM)

Awareness CreationAdministrative Tools and MethodsProcedures and Control Information Security PolicyTechnological Security Foundation

Change your mindset YOU are the attacker

• What are you library’s most valuable assets? Where are these assets? How can they be accessed?

• If you were the attacker how would you spread malware? And who are the most ‘vulnerable’ targets in the organization?

• Do you have a view on the ‘normal’ behavior of your organization (people, behavior, locations and systems)?

Level the playing field…

Hack Your library!

Library Information Security System Assessment Model (LISSAM)

Awareness CreationAdministrative Tools and MethodsProcedures and Control Information Security PolicyTechnological Security Foundation

Also...

• Check usernames/passwords for your library -● osint-opsec-tool ● pastebin.com

• HTTPS• Someone needs to stay current• Is your domain name going to expire?• 2FA• Password Managers

IT Security For Libraries

- Training - Non-technical Countermeasures

Train A Security Mindset

Quickly forgotten without practice and reminders

Regular low level of training and awareness

Build Cybersecurity Champions

IT Security For Libraries

Training does not work

It's not worth it because someone will still mess up

People already know what to do

This stuff us easy / obvious

Good security awareness programs help all employees

know where to get help

Who they should call when there is trouble

Where they can look for guidance & policies

They should know that they will not be looked down on for making a mistake

Someone’s job is to help them through whatever difficulty they are having

We can't make everyone an expert

We do NOT need to train the non-technical employees about what the deep level geek

employees already know.

Building Good Habits

“Being secure” is something that is learned over time and eventually becomes a habit.

Make the security mindset the default

Consistent reinforcement of the importance of IT Security

Understanding awareness, training, and development

What we want is policies that reinforce good security principles that will foster over time a new instinct in people, a new way of looking at things, a new way of acting in a more secure way.

This will require a huge amount of patience and buy in from every at your library.

IT Security For Libraries

Carver, Blake Name123456 ID Number00123456 User IDcarver Password05/01/2012 End Date

Training

• Phishing• Social Engineering• Privacy• Passwords• Email Attachments• Virus Alerts• How to practice safe social networking• Keeping things updated

IT Security For Libraries

What we want is policies that reinforce good security principles that will foster over time a new instinct in people, a new way of looking at things, a new way of acting in a more secure way.

The goal is to make doing things the right way become

the default in your library

Training…. Patrons?

• Your patrons don't care much for security• Their habits are inviting malware

• Look for ways to make things safer in ways that don't interfere with people's everyday tasks as much as possible.

• Principle of Least Privilege

IT Security For Libraries

http://www.pewinternet.org/files/2015/09/2015-09-15_libraries_FINAL.pdf

Offer Training At Your Library

Library Security Mantra

• Security• Privacy• Confidentiality• Integrity• Availability• Access

(based on Net Sec 101 Ayre and Lawthers 2001)

IT Security For Libraries

Preparation - Practical Resources

• SANS 20 Critical Security Controls– sans.org

• Securing Library Technology: A How-To-Do-It Manual– Earp & Wright

• Strategies to Mitigate Targeted Cyber Intrusions– Australian Signals Directorate

• Library Information Security System Assessment Model – (LISSAM)– Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, Vol. 16, no. 2

Virtual Privacy Lab from the San José Public Library https://www.sjpl.org/privacy

Library Freedom Project https://libraryfreedomproject.org/

IT Security For Libraries

IT Security For Librarians:Outrunning The Bear@ Your LibraryBlake Carver – blake.carver@lyrasis.orgLYRASIS Systems Administrator