CAS Biology 11.2 Muscles and Movement

11.2 MUSCLES & MOVEMENT

IB BIOLOGY

MOVEMENT: THE HUMAN MACHINE

• Joints

• Bones

• Nerves

• Muscles

• Tendons

• Ligaments

THE ELBOW

THE ELBOW• Biceps – bends the arm (flexor)

• Triceps – straightens the arm (extensor)

• Humerus – anchors muscle (muscle origin)

• Radius/Ulna – acts as forearm levers (muscle insertion)

• Radius acts as a lever for the biceps• Ulna acts as a lever for the triceps

• Cartilage – allows easy movement (smooth surface), absorbs shock and distributes load

• Synovial fluid – provides food, oxygen, and lubrication to the cartilage

• Joint capsule – seals the joint space and provides passive stability by limiting range of movement

KNEE JOINT VS HIP JOINT

Similarities:

- Both are synovial joints

- Both are involved in the movement of the leg

Differences:

MUSCLE STRUCTURE

sarcomeres < myofibrils < muscle fibers = MUSCLES

muscle fibers – long multinucleate cells

Within each muscle fiber are cylindrical structures called myofibrils

Myofibrils consist of repeating units called sarcomeres, which have light and dark bands

STRIATED MUSCLE FIBER

Sarcolemma – specialized plasma membrane

Sarcoplasmic reticulum – specialized endoplasmic reticulum designed for muscle contraction (contains high Ca2+)

Myofibrils – tubular fibers divided into sections called sarcomeres, and made up of two different myofilaments (actin & myosin)

Mitochondria – large numbers in order to produce enough ATP for muscle contraction

STRIATED MUSCLE FIBER

SARCOMERES

H zone – area only occupied by the thick filaments (myosin)

I bands (light) – regions occupied by only thin filaments (actin)

A bands (dark) - are the region occupied by both filaments (overlap)

Z lines – represent the extremeties of a single sarcomere

SARCOMERES

H zone – area only occupied by the thick filaments (myosin)

I bands (light) – regions occupied by only thin filaments (actin)

A bands (dark) - are the region occupied by both filaments (overlap)

Z lines – represent the extremeties of a single sarcomere

SARCOMERES

H-zoneA bandI band

SARCOMERES

H-zone

A bandI band I band

SARCOMERE CONTRACTION

What do you expect to happen to the: H zone?A band?I band?

SARCOMERE CONTRACTION

Four Stages of Cross Bridge Cycle

1) Cross Bridge Formation

2) Power Stroke

3) Cross Bridge Detachment

4) Reactivation of Myosin Head

CAS Biology 11.2 Muscles and Movement

Education

11.2 Muscles and Movement. The joints in our body provide mobility and hold the body together. Most joints include the following: Bones Ligaments Muscles

Topic 11.2 Muscles and Movement. Human Skeleton Axial skeleton Supports the axis, or trunk of the body. Consists of : the skull, enclosing and protecting

Essential Biology 11.2 Muscles and Movement AHL

11.2 Muscles and Movement. 11.2.1 State the role of bones, ligaments, muscles, tendons and nerves in human movement Bones: Provide a hard framework for

Chapter 11 Muscles Muscles of facial expression Muscles of mastication Extrinsic tongue muscles Muscles of the neck and throat Back muscles Deep thorax

Topic 11: Human Health and Physiology 11.2 Muscles and Movement

SlideModel Free PowerPoint Templatesreg-users.dft.go.th/Portals/0/ขั้นตอน...2017/12/15 · 0.2 EC EU 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 (enunãl_ícaûñcuqi) 11.2 03 s.2 (WTO 03 s.2

CAS CLINIQUE 2 lauréat Grand Prix 2015 · L’atteinte inflammatoire des muscles oculomoteurs (myosite orbitaire) est une manifestation plus rare. Nous décrivons le cas d’une

Smooth muscles Cardiac muscles Skeletal muscles

11.2: Muscles & Movement

Muscles of Mastication Muscles of the Neck Muscles of the Thoracic

Antagonistic muscles KS 3 Science. How do muscles work? Muscles can only pull. Muscles pull when they contract. Muscles get shorter and fatter when they

Muscle and movement Topic 11.2. Assessment statements 11.2.1 State the roles of bones, ligaments, muscles, tendons and nerves in human movement. 11.2.2

SKELETAL MUSCLES: Introduction - Montefiore · PDF file1 SKELETAL MUSCLES: Introduction 3 kinds of muscles ¾Skeletal muscles ¾Heart muscle ¾Smooth muscles SKELETAL MUSCLES: Introduction

11.2 tAKWIM

Works Cited · Web viewEssential Biology 11.2 Muscles and Movement AHL Due Date: Student Name: Candidate Number: 002171-Stephen Taylor Bandung International ... Action potential (AP)

Interactions of Skeletal Muscles Skeletal muscles work _________________________ or in _ Muscles only _______________(never push) As muscles shorten, the

Module 11: Human Health and Physiology II 11.2 Muscles and Movement

Section 11.2 Your Muscular System Slide 1 of 16 Objectives Describe the functions of the three types of muscles. Explain how you can keep your muscular

Muscles of the Body Healthy Muscles Matter!. Facts About Muscles The body has more than 600 muscles Muscles help you move, lift things, pump blood, and