Classroom management pioneers

Pioneers in Classroom Pioneers in Classroom ManagementManagement

Lindsay ElliottJuly 24, 2011EDU450

Classroom Discipline and Classroom Discipline and ManagementManagement

“Do not train children to learning by force and harshness, but direct them to it by

what amuses their mind, so that you may be better able to discover with accuracy the peculiar bent of the genius of each.”

-Plato

Contributors &TheoriesContributors &Theories

B.F. SkinnerBehavior Modification

William Glasser Choice Theory

Jacob KouninLesson Management

Rudolph Dreikurs Democratic Classroom

Lee & Marlene Canter Assertive Discipline

Alfie Kohn Learning Communities

B.F. SkinnerB.F. Skinner

Author of “The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching”(1954).

Believed that behavior is shaped through systematic reinforcement.

Believed that punishment has limited effects.

Behavior Behavior ModificationModification

1904-1990

Behavior Modification: Behavior Modification: In the ClassroomIn the Classroom

RewardsRewards

PraisePraise

ApprovalApproval

William GlasserWilliam Glasser

Pioneer and contributor to modern discipline.

Author of Schools Without Failure (1969).

Human behavior is purposeful (Charles 2011).

Students are responsible for their own behavior.

The basic needs of students must be met.

Choice TheoryChoice Theory1925-present

Choice Theory: Choice Theory: In the ClassroomIn the Classroom

Create a positive, supportive classroom.

Work with students to create classroom expectations.

Meet the basic needs of all students.

Choice Theory:Choice Theory:In the ClassroomIn the Classroom

Hold classroom meetings. Be a leader, not a boss. Assign useful work. Expect 100% from every student. Encourage self-reflection.

Jacob KouninJacob Kounin

Author of Discipline and Group Management in Classrooms.

Teaching style affects student behavior.

Organization and planning are keys to engagement.

Focuses on preventative discipline.

Teachers must be constantly aware of all students in their classroom. Lesson Lesson

ManagemeManagementnt

Lesson Management:Lesson Management:In the ClassroomIn the Classroom

Prevent misbehavior– With-it-ness and overlapping

Manage the Lesson– Momentum and smoothness

Maintain Focus– Group alerting and student accountability

Rudolph DreikursRudolph Dreikurs

Professor of Psychiatry Believed that students

have a need for belonging.

Believed that misbehavior occurs when needs are not met.

Believed that democratic classrooms support effective learning. Human Needs Human Needs

& Democratic & Democratic ClassroomsClassrooms

The Need for BelongingThe Need for Belonging

When need is not met, students will default to:

– Attention seeking– Power seeking– Revenge seeking– Displaying inadequacy

When the need is met, misbehavior will be prevented.

Encourage belonging by:

– Involving all students in classroom activities.

– Giving all students adequate attention.

– Recognizing success.– Showing respect to all

students.

The Democratic ClassroomThe Democratic Classroom

Speak in positive terms. Encourage improvement, not perfection. Emphasize strengths while minimizing

weakness. Teach students to learn from their mistakes. Encourage students to help each other. Be optimistic, use encouraging words, and

show faith in students.

Lee & Marlene CanterLee & Marlene Canter

Published book Assertive Discipline: A Take Charge Approach for Today’s Educator (1976).

Students have the right to learn in a calm, organized classroom.

Teachers have the right to teach in a classroom free of interruption and misbehavior.

Assertive teachers model classroom expectations clearly, confidently and consistently.

Assertive Assertive DisciplineDiscipline

Assertive Discipline:Assertive Discipline:In the ClassroomIn the Classroom

Provide a clear set of rules. Explain why rules are needed. Make sure rules are understood by all. Explain rewards and consequences. Utilize positive consequences

consistently. Utilize negative consequences

consistently.

Alfie KohnAlfie Kohn

Former teacher and author of Punished by Rewards: The Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, A’s, Praise, and Other Bribes.

Believes that traditional instruction is ineffective.

Believes meaningful learning takes place when students have choice, feel respected, feel like a part of something, and can construct their own learning.

Learning Learning CommunitiCommuniti

eses

The Classroom:The Classroom:As a Learning CommunityAs a Learning Community

Show respect for students. Help students connect. Utilize classroom meetings. Provide whole class and school wide

activities. Reflect on instruction and learning.

References

Charles, C.M.(2011). Building Classroom Discipline, 10th Ed. Boston: Pearson Publishing.