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Why did the British colonize India and how did it effect the people already living there?
• What is India like prior to the arrival of the Europeans?
• Why were the British interested in India?
• The British became interested in India for two (2) reasons:
1. Raw materials
2. Consumers (300 million population)
Originally India was operated by a corporation (The East India Company)
Later taken over by the British government
• How did the people of India react to the • colonization? • Indians benefited from colonial rule: ◦ Modern goods ◦ Modern transportation ◦ Education increases ◦ Health care increases ◦ Protection • On the negative side: ◦ The British controlled the government / economy ◦ Indians were seen as “half” citizens
• Indians groups try to force out the British
• The Sepoy Rebellion (1857)
◦ Sepoy = an Indian soldier in the British army
• Offended by British military practices, Indian soldiers
revolted
◦ Cause = seals on gun cartridges
• The rebellion was eventually put down
◦ Divisions between Hindu & Muslims
• How did the Indian independence movement begin?
• The movement starts with the creation of two (2) groups:
◦ Indian National Congress (1885)
◦ Muslim League (1905)
Both wished to see India become an independent state
Negative Impact for India
• British held most of the political and economic power,
• Profitable industries such as cotton, salt, construction, tea, etc. were firmly controlled by the British.
• conversion to cash crops reduced food production, causing famines in the late 1800s,
• Loss of cultural practices and language,
• Divisions between “Anglicized” elites and traditional Indians,
• Humiliation of being “inferior” in one’s own home.
Positive Effects of Colonial Rule
• Railroads (the third-largest network in the world at the time) enabled India to develop a modern economy and connected regions,
• A modern road network, telephone and telegraph lines, dams, bridges, and irrigation canals were created,
• Sanitation and public health improved.
• Schools and colleges were founded, and literacy increased.
• British troops cleared central India of bandits
• End to local warfare among competing local rulers.
Colonial Indian Architecture
• The Dutch, Portuguese and the French made their presence felt through their buildings but it was the English who had a lasting impact on architecture.
• In the beginning of the colonial rule there were attempts at creating authority through classical prototypes.
• http://www.culturalindia.net/indian-architecture/colonial-architecture.html
Indo-Saracenic
• Combined the features of Hindu, Islamic and western elements
• Exhibited itself through institutional, civic and utilitarian buildings such as post offices, railway stations, rest houses and government buildings
• Also took inspiration from existing architecture in India
• Norm for the Anglo-Indian church builders to follow the model set by the revivers
• Imperialism was the sole guiding force rather than practicality
• Heavier styles than Gothic were employed
• Italian Gothic was seen to be well adapted to conditions in India
• Great public building campaign launched in Bombay
• Sir Gilbert Scott's buildings were significant products
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