Community based vulnerability assessment

Centre for Geoinformatics | Salzburg University | www.zgis.atStefan Kienberger | Researcher | stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Community based vulnerability assessment

The case of flood risk reduction in Central Mozambique

Stefan Kienberger

Second UN-SPIDER WorkshopOctober 13 – 15, 2008

Bonn, Germany

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Mozambique - Hazards

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Flood 2000: Impressions

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Disaster Risk Reduction in Mozambique

Strong support through INGC (=national authority responsible for disaster risk reduction, response & relief)

Decentralisation efforts disaster risk reduction measures done at the district/community level

Specific role of traditional communities

National/international policies and ‚experiences‘ ask for community integration, support & participation

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

SIDPABB - Community based early warning system Búzi

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

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Elements

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

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Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

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Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Case study area: Búzi

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Vulnerability mapping at the community level

Get an understanding of vulnerabilities to floods/droughts in communities

Facilitate and enhance the process of vulnerability reduction at the community level Integration of PRA practices

Provide maps for enhanced decision making

Identify indicators for the specific area of interest to allow further investigation about the spatial characteristic of vulnerability

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Spatial scale of vulnerability

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Workflow

Vulnerability Prioritisation

Community Mapping

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

PRA Community Mapping

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Field Work Mapping exercise

Working with Quickbird satellite imagery (resolution ~0,6m)

Identify/Mark important features and get an understanding of the community Risk zones (as perceived by the community) Populated areas (settlements) Agricultural zones Critical infrastructure Boundaries …

Additional collection of locations with GPS device (photographs)

2 copies one remained, one with me

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Community mapping

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Community mapping

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Community mapping

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Community mapping

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Vulnerability prioritisation

Get an understanding of the driving forces from a perspective of the communities (3 communities)

Quantification of factors (Scoring, ‚Delphi exercise‘,…) With beans, … Within hazard itself (drought and flood) (40) Comparing hazards (10)

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Vulnerability scoring

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Vulnerability scoring

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Vulnerability scoring

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Vulnerability scoring

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Results

Vulnerability Map

Satellite Map & District Map

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

‚Vulnerability‘ map

Map elements:

- Main map: Community map- Land Use/Land Cover- Community Infrastructure (water wells, markets, disaster response kit,…) - Settlement area- Risk Zones (community identified)

- Small map: Surrounding area- Satellite Map- Infrastructure - Flood extend year 2000

- Additional information- Legend- Results of vulnerability identification- Analysis on exposure

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

‚Vulnerability‘ map

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

‚Vulnerability‘ map

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

‚Vulnerability‘ map

Small map: Surrounding area

- Community location- Accomodation centres (yr 2000)

- Flood extend yr 2000- Health facilities- Markets- Streets- Major villages

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

‚Vulnerability‘ map

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

‚Vulnerability‘ map

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Satellite map

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Satellite map

Georeferenced photos of characteristic community features

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Outlook: District Level

-Identification of vulnerability indicators- integration of RS and census data

- Weighting of indicators according to ‚expert knowledge‘

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Requirements

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Conclusions & Challenges

Targeting the planning, decision making process, within the communities through the integration of maps as planning instruments

Identification of gaps between the perceptions of experts, stakeholders and (affected) community members

Awareness about geospatial products at all levels needed

Integration of ‘participatory’ maps within NSDI an open issue

‘Disaster Risk Reduction’ data access as within response phase?

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Thank YOU very much!

Contact:

stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

www.uni-salzburg.at/zgis/kienberger

http://projects.stefankienberger.at/vulmoz/

Acknowledgments:

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Major findings Vulnerability prioritisation

Significant difference between prioritisation of flood vs drought small distance

Floods (highly ranked)Destruction of dams (Avg. 8; Std Dev. 2,8)Lack of dam management (Avg. 6; Std Dev. 2,2)Living in flood zones (Avg. 6; Std Dev. 2,2)

General factors (highly ranked)Transport (Avg. 4,5; Std Dev. 2,5)Lack of health services (Avg. 3,3; Std Dev. 2,5)Lack of education (Avg. 4,5; Std Dev. 1,8)

Droughts (highly ranked)Lack of irrigation system (Avg. 9,6; Std Dev. 0,5)Uncontrolled fire (Avg. 3; Std Dev. 0,8)Lack of rainfall (Avg. 3; Std Dev. 1,4)

Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University www.zgis.at – stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

Vulnerability assessment

Vulnerability is the intrinsic and dynamic feature of an element at risk (community, region, state, infrastructure, environment etc.) that determines the expected damage/harm resulting from a given

hazardous event and is often even affected by the harmful event itself. V. changes continuously over time and is driven by physical, social,

economic and environmental factors. (UNU-EHS)

Vulnerability assessments are policy and action oriented with the overall objective to mitigate/avoid the

negative impacts of disasters