Connected Intelligence 1

Derrick de Kerckhoved.dekerckhove@utoronto.ca

Brainframes,

digital technologies,and connecte

d intellig

ence

The acceleration of innovation in the electric age

Internal

External

Hardware Software

Mind enhancement technologies

Towards the “Objective Imaginary

Gottfredson 2002

Individual Effects

Cognition important protection for good life

Environmental toxin models

+1 IQ point = +1.763% income (Schwartz), +2.094/3.631% (Salkever, m/f)

Annual gain / IQ point US $55-65 billion 0.4-0.5% GDP

Effects on schooling, participation rate, social costs

Weiss 1998 claim 3 point IQ increase:Poverty rate -25%Males in jail -25%High school dropouts -28%Parentless children -20%Welfare recipiency -18%Out-of-wedlock births -15%

Technology and generations

The radio kid

The TV kid (hippie)

1981PC kids

Cellular phone kid• Always on• Real-time• Ubiquity

Digital Native: screens, mind and literacy

> 10 000 hours of videogames > 250 000 hours of emails and SMS > 10 000 hours on the cellular phone > 20 000 hours of television > 500 000 hours of advertising spots

< 5 000 hours reading books

Web users…

• Don’t read, they scan• They don’t want to work hard for their information

• Need instant gratification for their info:– Short and to the point (50% fewer words than on print - usually less than a third of a normal page)

– No scrolling– No rhetoric

“Wreading”

The “Net Gen Wreader” • Used to multimedia via videogames and

calculators• Doesn’t “do”

manuals• Used to work in groups or teams• Multitasking• Sampling

• Does outside the head on a screen what we were taught to do

inside• (Jeff Han’s video)

literacies beyond print, secondary orality [spriting]–immigrants like filtering & editing. natives massage raw data–immigrants proceed sequentially. natives love “multi-tasking”–immigrants like text in books. native graphics/voice over text–immigrants; individual or peer-to-peer. immigrants “network”–immigrants think of assignments. Natives love ‘serious play’

–word-processing - cut and paste, quick write, [ :);;(] –[beyond emai] instant messaging, real time texting –wicki-ing, “modding”, [borrowing and] -- massaging

–new ways of gathering, recording, composing story-bits–new ways of borrowing and addressing one’s creations–new ways to create, chain, assemble recorded sound

Our children are doing their homework socially, even though they’re being graded and tested as if they’r doing their work in isolation booths. But in the digital order, their approach is appropriate: memorizing facts is often now a skill more relevant to quiz shows than to life (David

Weinberger, Everyting is miscellaneous, 2007).

Ryerson’s questionnaire

• 75 criteria• Numero 1: teamwork (4.69/5)• Two: how to present oneself (3.87)

• Three: how to make a working plan (3.54)

• Ten: network experience

New rules for a new educational system

• Multiply intelligences• “Une tête bien faite vaut mieux qu’une tête bien pleine” (Montaigne)

• “Plusieurs têtes presque vides mais connectées valent mieux qu’une tête bien faite” (de Kerckhove)

• Collaborative over competitive (reward both)

• (Ryerson study)• Body and mind (physical contact, meeting is never to be ignored even in distance education)

For a new pedagogical model

• Broadcast to networked• Memory to intelligence• “Contact hours”• On line competencies• Student-centered education

New educational devices, though important, are not as central to tomorrow's schooling as are new roles for student and teacher. Citizens of the future will find much less need for sameness of function or vision. To the

contrary, they will be rewarded for diversity and originality.

Therefore, any real or imagined need for standardized classroom

presentation may rapidly fade; the very first casualty of the present-day school system may well be the whole business of teacher-led instruction as we know it.

(McLuhan, 1967)

(ipertestualità del pensiero cinese)

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Hypertextual intelligence

Hypertextual thinking• Your horoscope• The I Ching• Palabra, dreaming, prayer,

simulation• Hypertextual thinking an

issue of time, not space: – The only time that counts is

NOW– All links and connections

are made in REAL TIME– All simulations are manner

of prediction (pregestual)• Under electronic conditions,

the delay between project and realization is shortening

fieldstrees

cloud

sky

climatelakewater

+ locality, sensations, type of photography…

The era of the tag

On the Internet every message is divided in small packets. A “packet” is a short sequence of data, with a protocol that contains an address and some administration to find its

way via routers and switchers to its destination. Thus any message can finds its

way as well as the order of its reconstitution thanks to a tag.

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fieldstrees

cloudsky

climatelakewater

+ locality, sensations, type of photography…

So realistically, in the beginning was the tag, the unique address of the digital packet to make it available for the construction of images and

the building of meaning from anywhere to anywhere for any given purpose. The tag is what allows to break down all the traditional categories and

classifications and rebuild connections according to need, context and circumstances instead of forced environments of knowledge and design.

From the hierarchy of categories

Clay Shirky

To links

Clay Shirky

To interlinks

Clay Shirky

To the disappearing of categories

Clay Shirky

The web evolution

Connections between people

Con

nect

ions

bet

wee

n in

form

atio

n

Email

Social Networking

Groupware

JavascriptWeblogs

Databases

File Systems

HTTPKeyword Search

USENET

Wikis

Websites

Directory Portals

2010 - 2020

Web 1.0

2000 - 2010

1990 - 2000

PC Era1980 - 1990

RSSWidgets

PC’s

2020 - 2030

Office 2.0

XML

RDF

SPARQLAJAX

FTP IRC

SOAP

Mashups

File Servers

Social Media Sharing

Lightweight Collaboration

ATOM

Web 3.0

Web 4.0

Semantic SearchSemantic Databases

Distributed Search

Intelligent personal agents

JavaSaaS

Web 2.0 Flash

OWL

HTML

SGML

SQLGopher

P2P

The Web

The PC

Windows

MacOS

SWRL

OpenID

BBS

MMO’s

VR

Semantic Web

Intelligent Web

The Internet

Social Web

Web OS

From Novak Spivack “Making Sense of the Semantic Web”

Cybrid Design & Bottom-up knowledge

Flickr

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Flickr

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43 things

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43 things

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Social bookmarking

Del.icio.us

« All things must pass through Internet »

Pets

Office

Sanity Stores

Home

Vehicles

I.D.

Public TransportationRFID

hy-pertinenceScreens

PDA

Computer

Screens

Screens

VideoMonitor

Glossy Mags

TV

InternalNetwork

Monitor(s)

PDA

Computer

Billboards

Home

The City & Mall

GPS

Gameboy

X-Box

TVGlossy Mags

Car

Airport

Work

Screens

Jet BlueSeatback

Screens

Screens

MultiplicitySimultaneity

2/11/2006

ImagePinballing &Reverb

Cell phone Ip

od Photo

You

“Understand that you will be likethose with whom you surroundyourself. Your environment is

stronger than you are .”Daniel Levin

Reverb =Feedback >

Web >Hierarchy -Flattener

Our involvement with alphabets is

linear and sequential . Our engagementwith imagery is non -linear and reverberational .

This reverb or feedback is a hallmark of

surrounding ourselves with ubiquitous imagery .

Video Ipod

Tags and mobileNFC (Near Field Communication)

NFC is a short high frequency wireless communication technology which enables the exchange of data between devices over about decimetre distance.

Uses Applications

• Card Emulation• Reader mode• P2P mode

• Mobile ticketing• Mobile payment• Smart poster• Ubiquitous info• Universal Margin

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A humble barcode

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Information Complexity

Online information is liquid:

Non-homogeneous dissemination Poorly indexed Complex and non-linear relationships Reproduces everyday-world relationships

People

Groups

EmailsCompanies

Products

Services

Web Pages

Multimedia

Documents

Events

Projects

Activities

Interests

Places

Web 2.0 …What impact on e-learning ?

• Not merely software …but community• open access• peer production• not only consumers• but also producers• centrality of the “prosumer”

Hypertinent social tagging

Net-Folksonomy: bottom-up classification

A new framework from data to metadata– No definitive links between people, items and tags– Informational objects (tags) can classify other informational

objects– Users share their knowledge items and their tags (web

togetherness)– Open groups are organized in scalable folksonomies (from narrow to broad)

You (anyone) can:

Add infos

Add items

Browse infos

Browse users

Net-Folksonomy: bottom-up classification

SQUAREGREEN,C

CIRCLE, B

SQUARE, D

TRIANGLE

BLUE, A

What is changing? Everyone can share everything Informational objects depend on users, not on hierarchical structures Many devices can grant interaction with information everywhere (wiredness) Real life and virtual environment create a system as a whole

You tube and My space can be used to product, remediate and disseminate sciences knowledge

This kind of environment that we have, an information environment, electrically programmed, turns the

entire planet into a teaching machine, and it’s a man-made teaching machine. One of the results of the man-made environment becoming a

teaching machine is that the audience becomes workforce (McLuhan, 1966).