Desalination in Australia - Oct. 11, 2012

DESALINATION IN AUSTRALIA

Gary J. Crisp Global Business Leader – Desalination: GHD

BSc. Civil Engineering, C Eng., MICE, CP Eng., FIE Aust., PMP

San Diego County Water Authority

Water Planning Committee

October 11, 2012

SDCWA Board Presentation - Overview

• Introduction

• The Big Six

• Perth Seawater Desalination Plant (PSDP)

• Comparison Between Sydney, Perth and San Diego

• The Importance of Desalination in Perth and Western Australia

Australia’s six big desalination plants

The Big

45-in

21-in

19-in

*Average annual rainfall

Adelaide Desal Plant (commissioning)

20-in

Gold Coast Desal Plant (operating)_

Sydney Desal Plant (operating)

Victorian Desal Plant (commissioning)

Perth 1 Desal Plant (operating) Perth 2 A & B Desal Plant (2B under construction)

Australian Rainfall and Desalination

The Big Six – No. 1 Gold Coast Desalination Plant

• Located in Tugin

• 36 MGD Capacity: 38,000 AF/Y

• Total Capital Cost: $943 million

•Purpose: Supplement surface supply in dry years

•Commenced operation in Nov. ‘08

•Green Energy as offset

•Status: Hot Standby Mode; local reservoirs near

capacity

Courtesy of SEQWater

The Big Six – No. 1

Southeast Queensland Projected Water Sources 2020

10 % desalination

72 % surface water

4 % groundwater

14 % IPR (only if reservoir levels fall below 40%)

Climatic Impacts Gold Coast Decision Point

Courtesy of the Water Corporation

Gold Coast Decision Point

The Big Six – No. 2 Sydney Desalination Plant

Courtesy of Sydney Water

• Located in Kurnell

• 66 MGD Capacity: 77,000 AF/Y

• Total Capital Cost: $1.44 billion

• Purpose: Supplement surface supply in dry years

•Commenced operation in Nov. ‘10

• Wind Power is used as offset

•Status: Hot Standby Mode: Local

reservoirs near capacity

The Big Six – No. 2

Sydney Projected Water Sources 2020

15 % desalination

72 % surface water

1 % groundwater

10 % Recycled

Climatic Impacts Sydney Phase 1 Decision Point

Courtesy of the Water Corporation

Sydney Phase 1 Decision Point

The Big Six – No. 3 Adelaide Desalination Plant

Courtesy of SA Water

• Located in Port Stanvac

• 72 MGD Capacity: 70,000 AF/Y

• Total Capital Cost: $1.5 billion

• Purpose: Supplement surface supply in dry years

• To commence operation in Jan. ‘13

• Wind Power is used as offset

• Status: To be placed in Hot Standby

Mode; reservoirs and river flows at high

levels

The Big Six – No. 3

Adelaide Projected Water Sources 2020

49 % desalination

23 % Murray River surface water 18 % surface water

1 % Recycled

Climatic Impacts Adelaide Phase 1 Decision Point

Adelaide Phase 1 Decision Point - lowest flow ever recorded

January 2007

Courtesy of Victorian Government

• Located in Wonthaggi

• 120 MGD Capacity: 130,000 AF/Y

• Total Capital Cost: $3.8 billion

•Supplement Surface Supply in dry years

• To commence operation in Dec. ‘12

• Wind Power as offset

•Status: Commissioning

The Big Six – No. 4 The Victorian Desalination Project

The Big Six – No. 4

Melbourne Projected Water Sources 2020

20 % desalination

80 % surface water

Climatic Impacts Melbourne Desalination Decision Point - 2007

Melbourne Decision Point 2007

Courtesy of Water Corporation

• Located in Kwinana

• 38 MGD Capacity: 40,000 AF/Y

• Total Capital Cost: $317 million

•Purpose: Base load core supply

•Commenced operation in Nov. ‘06

• Wind Power is used as offset

• Status: Operating beyond “name

plate” capacity

The Big Six – No. 5 Perth Seawater Desalination Plant

The Big Six – No. 5

Perth Projected Water Sources 2020

45 % desalination

21 % surface water

18 %groundwater

16 % groundwater incorporating ASR

Impact of Drying Climate – Western Australia Perth 1 Decision Point

Courtesy of the Water Corporation

1GL = 810 Acre-Ft 2010 - 11.9 GL = 8640 Acre-Ft

- Reduced Inflow to Dams (as at 1 Nov 06)

51,864 Acre-Ft

273,906 Acre-Ft

75,122 Acre-Ft 143,435 Acre-Ft

972 Acre-Ft

Perth 1 A Decision Point

The Big Six – No. 6 Southern Seawater Desalination Plant

Courtesy of Water Corporation

• Located in Binningup

• 80 MGD Capacity: 85,000 AF/Y

• Total Capital Cost: $1.27 billion

• Purpose: Base load core supply

• Commenced operation in Sept. ‘11

• Wind / Solar/ Wave Power as energy offset

• Status: Phase 1: operating

Phase 2: under construction

Impact of Drying Climate – Western Australia Perth 2A Decision Point

Courtesy of the Water Corporation

1GL = 810 Acre-Ft 2010 - 11.9 GL = 8640 Acre-Ft

- Reduced Inflow to Dams (as at 1 Nov 06)

Perth 2A/2B Decision Points

Environmental Features of Perth 1

6 acres

16 acres

Real Time Monitoring

Environmental Features of Perth 1

Courtesy of WaterSecure Gold Coast Desalination Plant Intake

Environmental and Sustainability Attributes

Comparison Between Sydney, Perth and San Diego County

City Sydney Perth San Diego County Population 4,500,000 1,800,000 3,200,000 Approximate Average Rainfall (Inches) 47 19 10 Annual water use (Acre-Ft) 440,000 253,000 542,000 Gallons/ Capita/ Day 87 125 151 Residential Outdoor Water Use Percentage 27 49 60

Local reservoir storage capacity (Acre-ft) 2,092,260 487,337 562,000 Average Local Surface Use as a Percentage of Total Use 84 15 11

Purpose for Seawater Desalination Supplement Base load

(Core Supply) Base Load

(Core supply)

San Diego and Perth - Similarities

• Relatively Large West Coast Cities • Extremely desirable places to live • Mediterranean Climate • Relatively low rainfall in reservoir catchments • No large local surface reservoirs (Sydney,

Melbourne, Brisbane, etc.)

The West Australian 20 May 2012

Desalination – Perth and Western Australia

“That’s why we built the first desalination plant and the second desalination plant and we are currently expanding that”

Importance of Desalination in Perth and Western Australia

“Thank You”

“Questions”

Courtesy of The West Australian

The West Australian 31 August 2012

262.2 mm = 10.33 inches 478.7 mm = 18.9 inches

Importance of Desalination in Perth and Western Australia

Availability and Reliability

• PSDP was designed to produce 40,000 AF (producing 38 MGD, 94% of the time) . This design was based on many factors:

1. Power Continuity

2. Cleaning

3. Feedwater quality (potential algal blooms –space allocated for future DAF system)

4. Maintenance

5. Distribution system maintenance and cleaning

6. Redundancy

7. Rigorous product water quality standards (e.g. Bromine < 0.1 mg/L)

Result when pushed

Available 98% of time

Production up to 41 MGD

Annual Yield up 12% from

40,000 Acre-Ft to 45,000 Acre Ft

Importance of Desalination in Perth and Western Australia

Still more Desalination Plants for Perth

• Beenjup Ground Water Replenishment (Recycling and ASR) in steps of 6,000 AF. per year, accelerated if needed (if low rainfall persists). Up to 50,000 AF. per year.

• New SWRO Desalination Plants North of Perth within 15 years.

• All future water supply will come from SWRO, so by 2030 with an annual demand of 240,000 AF/year at least 110,00 AF/year will be from desalination.

Why Sydney’s Integrated Water System is Vastly Different to San Diego? • No Imported water – All local supplies almost exclusively surface water • One single major source Warragamba Dam -1,642,626 AF (79%) • High Summer Rainfall (when most water needed)

79 % of total water supply Total Available Storage 1,642,626 AF (currently 98% available at 1,620,057 AF )

Average Monthly Rainfall = 3”

Sydney Desalination Plant in Context As compared to the San Diego System

Courtesy of the Sydney Water

Sydney Desalination Plant in Context As compared to the San Diego System

33 % of total water supply Total Available Storage 648,298 AF

Annual Production 76,854 AF Average Annual Demand 486,223 AF = 16% desalinated water

79 % of total water supply Total Available Storage 1,642,626 AF

Why Perth’s Integrated Water System is Similar San Diego? • No Imported water – but “supposedly” secure groundwater – similar to

San Diego’s “secure” imported water supply i.e. Groundwater treated like San Diego’s imported water

• Some small surface water storages with diminishing inflows. Once 50% of Perth’s water supply, now substantially less than 10%. AF (79%)

• Negligible Summer Rainfall (when most water needed)

Combined Yield of Perth Reservoirs < 10 % of total water supply Total

Average Monthly Rainfall = 1”

Perth Desalination Plant in Context As compared to the San Diego System

GROUNDWATER SOURCE

SURFACE WATER SOURCE

AREA SERVED

TRUNK MAINS

PERTH

Goldfields & Agricultural WS

Mandurah

Stirling

South Dandalup

Serpentine

Nth Dandalup

Mundaring

Victoria

Canning

Wungong

Pinjar

Wanneroo

Lexia

Mirrabooka

Neerabup

Sth Whitfords Gwelup

Jandakot • Ground water north of Swan River • Dams south of Swan River • Transport over 115 miles from North to

South

Harvey Dam and Wokalup Pipehead Dam

(Irrigation)

2002 Yarragadee Bores

Samson Pipehead Dam

2001 Yarragadee Expansion

Harris Pumpback

PSDP

Nicholson Rd Pumpstation

Ravenswood Pumpstation

SSDP I

Integrated Water Supply Scheme (IWSS)

SSDP II

Proposed Beenyup ASR

WASTEWATER RECYCLING PLANT/ASR

DESALINATION PLANT

PUMPSTATION

W ater From the North – The Kimberly Pipeline

Why High Costs and Time Overruns in the Eastern States?

• Australia being a very expensive country due to resources boom and low unemployment 5% • Everyone is Coming to the West or Demanding High Packages in the East so companies have to

pay exceptional wages to compete, and in the case of Melbourne Desalination Plant - - - - - - - - • - - - - - - Inclement weather • Very high rainfall and flooding

Managing Standing Plants

• Gold Coast Desalination Plant managed with minimal staff in hot standby mode.

• Plant is maintained in a position to allow ramping up to 133 ML/d within 72 hours.

• No process step has been “mothballed”.

• The plant operates twice a week to produce enough desalinated water to flush membranes, the network pipe and reservoir (2 x 25 MLD – 2 x 6 MGD (per week).

• Came to rescue during recent flooding to produce clean drinking water as conventional water treatment plants inundated with turbidity

How Many Jumbo Jets to Power Perth Seawater Desalination Plant?

So !!!

Environmental and Sustainability Attributes

=

+ + +

+ +

So Many Jumbo’s?

=

+

+

Or, How Many Plants can a Jumbo Power?

and the answer is!

+

+ Taking Off Power = 77 MW Cruising Power = 65 MW Full Power of One Engine = 26 MW Full Power Requirement Perth 1 = 24 MW

300,000 homes (California) or a total 116,000 passengers transported in one year assuming Jumbo is always full and flies 80% of time then the same amount of energy is used.

=

And the answer is?

One Jumbo Jet can Power 3 Plants

Impact of Drying Climate - Reduced Inflow to Dams (Reservoirs)

17.1 GL = 12416 Acre-Ft

1 GL = 810 Acre-Ft

Courtesy of the Water Corporation