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DRAMAPrepared byRatri Wahyuningtyas136332049
What is drama?
Derives from Greek >> draein Meaning >> to do or to act Imitating human action (mimesis),
involving plot, characters, action (Aristotle)
Drama is any kind of acting
Inside Drama Lead us to the discovery and reflections about
personality, circumstances, desires, anxiety, hopes and dreams
Sometimes contains about political and social issues at the time
Drama vs Narrative
Drama Acting, showing,
presenting Addresser-
addressee ‘I/we – you’ Characters are
dramatized
Narrative
Telling, reporting, representing
Address ‘s/he, they, it’ Characters are narrated
Bones of Drama
Elements of drama Plot: The events in a play. Setting: The time and place of a literary work. Characters: People or creatures in a play. Dialogue: Conversation in a play. Theme: The central thought/idea of a play. Scenery: The various elements that are used
to create a particular visual setting for a play.
Stage direction Symbolism Outstanding feature
Tools of Drama
Various of Drama
1. Tragedy
Tragic action, usually about tragic action of noble people committing mistake and end up with death after undergoing intense suffering.
All tragedies are finished with death (according to Lord Byron)
Talks about grief, finality, associated with death Characters: usually upper class characters, high
fame individual
Action: serious and important, doing important matter, done by people who count on (having important role)
Men’s assumption of great mistake he had made, suffers then die
Things cohere in tragedy >> hero usually does some deed and suffers as a consequence
Example: Oedipus the King
Errors according to Aristotle1. Hamartia (errors) >> makes great mistakes and
suffers much2. Hybris (bullying, abuse of power)3. Peripeteia (reversal) >> when the action
happens unintended4. Anagnorisis (recognition, discovery) >> clearing
up something by revealing some unknown facts
2. Comedy
Dramatic form Dramatized some absurdity of human
nature but not destructive of self or others
No great disaster will occur, turns out happily for the chief character
Ended by marriage (according to Lord Byron)
It is about joy and celebration of new life >> marriage, reunion
Characters: lowborn persons Action: done by unimportant laughable person,
who makes mistake that do not cause us pain Exposes stupid action and renewal Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream
Kinds of Dramatic Comedy Romantic Comedy >> usually tells about love
affair went not as smooth as expected, but finally ends happily.
Shakespeare’s As You Like It Satiric Comedy >> mocks political issues or
philosophical doctrines by making ridiculous the violators of its standards of morals or matters.
Aristophanes’ The Alchemist
Kinds of Dramatic Comedy
The Comedy of Manners >> form of comedy that reflects the life, ideals and manner of social class society.
Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing Farce : form of Dramatic comedy which entertains
audience without any intentions or hidden agenda; seek out fun for fun’s sake. Example: Charlie Chaplin, Woody Allen
3. Tragicomedy
Presented serious action through a tragic disaster to protagonist and added reversal condition which ends happily
Combination of characters and plot of tragedy and comedy
Plays with double plots; one serious and one comic
Character: middle and lower class characters
Example: Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice
THANK YOU
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