Economic Activities for the Junior Certicate

Economic ActivitiesPrimary Secondary And Tertiary

Primary economic activity is: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Secondary economic activity is: __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ Tertiary economic activity is:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Definitions

What type of economic Activity is this? Primary, Secondary or Tertiary?

What type of economic Activity is this? Primary, Secondary or Tertiary?

What type of economic Activity is this? Primary, Secondary or Tertiary?

What type of economic Activity is this? Primary, Secondary or Tertiary?

What type of economic Activity is this? Primary, Secondary or Tertiary?

2011 Junior Cert Ordinary Paper

Renewable or Non Renewable?

Renewable or Non Renewable?

2013 Junior Cert Ordinary Level

Water – A Sustainable Resource

Conservation – using as little water as possible. ◦ Example: Showering instead of having a bath

Pollution – chemicals/poisons released into water◦ Example: Dirty water flowing from a house into a stream

Irrigation – Watering fields to allow crops to grow◦ Example: Crops watered in hot countries

Key Terms

Dublin’s Water Supply

2015 Ordinary Level Junior Cert Exam

Problems with water supply – Ennis in 2008

The Nile Valley – Aswan High Dam

Advantages◦ Extra _____ can be grown◦ Controls F__________◦ W_____ Sports in lake behind dam

Disadvantages◦ Construction ___________ villages & historical sites◦ Trapped S_________ in Lake N________◦ Water lost from e_____________◦ Diseases spread from W_____ S______

Aswan High Dam

2006 Junior Cert

2009 Junior Cert – Higher Level Question

Oil – a finite resource

Products made from oil

Location of Oil Deposits

Renewable Dam in EgyptFinite Purifies waterPrimary Extraction of raw materialsSecondary Oil producing countryTertiary Problem with the Aswan damPlastic Can be used again & againSaudi Arabia Providing a serviceWater cycle Heat + water = Aswan Will run outSnail Making a productPrecipitation Clouds form this wayEvaporation Made from oilCondensation Water from the sky

matchup

Saudi Arabia – an Oil Producing Country

2005 Junior Cert OL

Oil and Gas in Ireland – Corrib Field

2012 Junior Cert – Ordinary Level

Irish Peatlands

Raised bogs – Found in low lying areas – deep Blanket bogs (below) – found on mountains – not

deep

Types of Bog

Ditcher – Drains the Bog Grader – Levels the surface Miller – Scrapes off peat Harrow – dries the scraped peat Ridger – Sorts peat into ridges

Exploiting the Peatlands

Railway Bridge for Peat trains, Raised Bog

2011 Junior Cert Higher

B_________ – used for home heating H__________ P_________(compost) – used for gardens Milled Peat/Rolled Peat – used in power stations

Peat Products

2011 Junior Cert Ordinary Level Paper

2013 Junior Cert Question

Fish – a sustainable resource?

What is sustainable fishing?

What is resource depletion?

What is a continental shelf?

Before 1973: Small boats (___________) that did not go far from shore. Few fish caught. Only Irish fishermen could fish around Ireland

1973: Ireland joined the E_________ U____(EEC then) After 1973: Big expansion in Irish Fishing. Other EU

countries could fish in Irish waters.

Ireland’s fishing industry

Pre 1973: Small boats (_________) with small hand nets

After 1973: Big t_________ and factory boats with large H________ W________ and N_____

Changes in fishing

Pre 1973: No r___________ of caught fish After 1973: R__________ on all trawlers – fish can be

p__________ for weeks at sea

Changes in fishing

Pre 1973: No way to d_______ fish After 1973: Use of _______ (listening to underwater

sounds using echo sounders) to detect fish

Changes in fishing

So many big trawlers fishing the same seas meant that too many fish were being caught

Not enough fish remained to spawn new fish

Overfishing – catching too many fish

Decline in Herring fish in the Irish sea

2009 JC Exam

2009 Higher Level exam

__________ : Limiting the amount of fish that can be caught Increase/reduction in the number of trawlers Large _________ _____in nets: Allows smaller fish to escape Shorter fishing s_______ Non EU fishing ships b______

The Irish Conservation Box is an area around Ireland where conservation takes place

Conservation – preserving fish stocks

Sonar Size of holes in netTrawler Fish speciesCurrach Sound waves to catch fishEEC Keeps caught fish freshQuota Motorised fishing boatMesh size Fish speciesRefrigeration Small fishing boatHerring Today it’s the EUCod Limiting fish catch

Matchup

Farming – a system

Inputs are products/services that are used by the farmer to run his farm. Examples: Money (capital), Labour, Fertiliser, Machinery, Seed, Animal Feed, Vet visits etc.

Farming Inputs

Processes are actions that the farmer does in running his farm. Examples: Spreading fertiliser, milking cows, cutting silage etc.

Farming Processes

Outputs are the finished products which a farm produces. Examples are Cattle for sale, harvested crops, milk, slurry etc.

Farming Outputs

2005 Junior Cert

A Mixed Farm is a farm that involves more than one type of activity, such as Cattle and Crops.

Mixed Farms

2005 Junior Cert

2011 Junior Cert

2008 Junior Cert

2009 Junior Cert

Marking Scheme:

2 Statements – 2m each

2 Developments – 2m each

Secondary Activities are where raw materials (e.g. Plastic, Wiring) is used in a factory to make products (e.g. computers)

Factories – Secondary Activities

Factory inputs are things the factory needs to make products. Examples – raw materials, machinery, electricity, workers

Factories - Inputs

Workers and machinery are both inputs

Factory processes are what the factory does to make a finished product

Factories - Processes

Sewing is a process at this factory

Factory outputs are the finished products the factory sells on for profit and any waste produced by the factory

Factories - Outputs

Cars are an output at this Audi factory

2013 Ordinary Level Junior Cert

Many Factors influence where a factory will be built1. Access to raw materials2. Access to transport (near an airport, motorway etc)3. Access to Labour – near towns/cities with many workers4. Access to services – broadband, electricity etc5. Availability of land for building6. Access to markets7. Government and EU Policy8. Access to Capital (Money)

Factory Location (Page 330-333)

Where would it be easier to get raw materials for a wool factory?

Factory Location – raw materials

Which site would have better transport links?

Factory Location - transport

Where would it be easier to get workers for a factory?

Factory Location - labour

Which location has more space for a factory?

Factory Location – Land availability

Where would you find more customers to buy your factory’s products?

Factory location - Markets

Located in a Greenfield site near Leixlip Makes microchips for export Employs 5,000 people in well paying jobs (average wage over

€80,000)

Case Study – Intel, Ireland

Close to Dublin◦ Good supply of Labour (workers)◦ Easy transport links (motorway, railway nearby, Dublin city and Port)

Plenty space to build and expand (Greenfield site) Easy access to services (water, electricity) Tax incentives and Grants (Government money to build a

factory) Easy access to European markets

No danger of Earthquakes

Why did Intel build a factory in Leixlip?

Name two disadvantages and one advantage of this site for an Intel Factory

2009 Junior Cert Question

A Heavy Industry – RUSAL Aughinish

Uses heavy machinery and huge plants to make bulk products, eg. Iron and Steel, Cement, Chemicals in bulk.

Can often be heavily polluting and are located away from built up areas

What is a heavy industry?

1. Access to Raw Materials 2. Ease of transport of materials & finished products 3. Adequate space for a large factory 4. Away from built up areas 5. Access to Labour and Services 6. Government policy – promote development.

RUSAL Aughinish – location factors

“Footloose” – an industry which can locate almost anywhere.

Footloose industries are generally non-polluting Examples can be found all over Ireland because:◦Many sites available ◦ Electricity widely available◦Many transport options available – road network good◦Workforce is mobile◦Many traffic bottlenecks are bypassed.

Footloose Industries

Industrial inertia – when factories stay in an area even when the original reasons for locating there no longer apply

Example: Steel Works in Sheffield

Change over time

How Iron + Steel is made Raw materials – iron ore + coke for heating furnaces

(coke comes from coal) Iron ore is heated in a blast furnace => pig iron Pig iron + scrap metal are heated in a steel furnace =>

molten steel Molten steel is rolled in a mill =>steel plate

Change over timeBritish Iron + Steel industry

3 phases◦ 18th century (pre industrial stage)◦ 19th century (Industrial Revolution stage)◦ 20th century (Modern stage)

18th century – Iron industry

Resource based location ◦ Iron ore mine◦ Forests – wood for charcoal (for furnaces)◦ Rivers/streams – water for power (water wheel) + transport

Example; Forest of Dean

When no trees left => relocate

19th century – Iron industry

Coalfield location◦ Steam replaced water for power◦ Coke replaced charcoal◦ Coal mine provided coke and power◦ Canals transported raw materials

Example South Wales When no coal left => relocate

20th century – Iron and Steel Coastal location◦ Import more and cheaper iron ore, scrap metal and coal◦Oil/gas => electricity => power◦ Flat land

Example Port Talbot (below left) Iron and steel processes came together => Integrated

Steel works

Tradition Access to large markets Skilled workers Good transport links Specialised production

Why didn’t the industry move away?

The big changes that encouraged women to play a greater role in the workforce are:◦ Free Secondary Education◦ The Women’s Liberation movement◦ Gender Equality Laws◦ Increase in house prices (needs both parents to work)◦ Smaller families◦ Growth of childcare/creches

Women in Industry

China – a rapidly developing countryPoverty in the West of China is a Push factor, encouraging women to leave for the cities in the East.

Many jobs are low paying and working conditions can be quite poor.

The world is divided into three industrial zones:◦ The Industrialised regions of Europe, Japan and North America. These

areas are well developed with advanced industries.◦ The Newly Industrialised regions of South East Asia (e.g. China) and

parts of Latin America (e.g. Mexico). These areas have less advanced industries but are “catching up” with Europe and the USA

◦ The Industrially emergent regions of Africa, parts of Asia and parts of South America – these countries are only slowly developing.

World Manufacturing

Industry and the Environment

Pollution from factories can affect the air and water in our environment

One major problem caused by industrialisation is Acid Rain

Acid Rain is caused by smoke from industry (especially burning fossil fuels like coal) combining with water vapour in clouds to make rain more acidic

This acid rain can damage farmland, forests, rivers and lakes and buildings.

Industry and the Environment

The creation of acid rain

Acid Rain dissolving stone

Solutions to acid rain

Factory owners (industrialists) are interested in making and selling more products.

What happens if this causes pollution? What happens if a factory has to close because it is causing

too much pollution? Who pays to clean up the pollution?

Conflicts of Interest

Incinerating Waste

Reasons for Reasons against

Tertiary economic activities involve services. Jobs in the Tertiary Economic Sector do not involve raw

materials and do not involve manufacturing a finished product.

Examples of jobs in this sector:Teacher, Garda, Bus Driver, Tour Guide, Waiter, Barman, Actor, Bank Clerk, Florist, Accountant, Doctor, Mechanic, Cleaners…..

Tertiary Economic Activities

Rich and Poor Countries

Rich countries have more people working in tertiary economic activities because people can afford to pay for doctors, teachers, hairdressers, bar staff….

In a poor country, people often have only enough money for food and other essential items.

Page 358 – types of services

Tourism is an activity which tends to be located in certain regions:◦ Areas of Natural beauty◦ Regions offering recreational and sporting facilities◦ Beaches & Coastlines◦ Cities

Tourism – a tertiary economic activity

The Burren in Clare – an area of Natural Beauty

Beaches and Coastlines – Lahinch & Cliffs of Moher

Sporting facilities in Ireland – the K Club, Kildare

Dublin City – a historical and cultural capital

Irish Scenic Areas

Visitors to Ireland, 2006

From the Junior Cert in 2011….

Tourism in Europe

Why do people travel in large numbers today?

Spain – a European Tourism Region

Spain – the world’s second most visited country

SPAIN has:• A warm sunny climate• Lots of coastline• Year round good

weather• Cultural attractions

(such as Bull Fighting)

Provides employment – Tourists need accommodation and food/drink which means jobs for hotel workers, restaurant staff etc.

Construction Industry – building of Hotels, Apartments etc Demand for food & drink – farmers benefit from many

tourists wanting to buy their goods Development of Communication links – roads and airports

built for tourists, now can be used by locals New facilities – water parks, hotels etc can be used by locals

Benefits of Tourism to Spain

Tourism and Transport

Spanish Culture is being hidden by Northern European culture Some Spanish towns have lost their identity Some tourists behave poorly

The Negative Impact of Tourism

Petty Crime is now a problem in Spanish tourist areas It is now too expensive for locals to live in resort areas Many resorts are now too built up and are unattractive

“concrete jungles” Pollution from sewage Too much demand for water

The Negative Impact of Tourism

2005 Junior Cert (Higher)

From the 2011 Junior Cert…

2003 Higher Level Question