Edtl 6390

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Equity Begins with Equity Begins with Recognizing Recognizing

DiversityDiversity

Chris StephensonUniversity of Toronto

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Defining the TermsDefining the TermsFairness

◆ I get what I want/need.

Justice◆ Good people get rewarded and bad

people get punished

Equity◆ Everyone gets what they need to

achieve their full potential

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Chris’ List of Scary WordsChris’ List of Scary Words

◆ Class/ Socioeconomic status

◆ Ethnicity/Race

◆ Gender

◆ Physical abilities/attributes

◆ Religion/Faith/Culture

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Chris’ Key ConceptsChris’ Key ConceptsPrivilege

◆ perks we take for granted

Prejudice◆ lies we are taught to believe

Preconceptions◆ programs we run in our heads which

may have no connection to reality

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

What I Offer You TodayWhat I Offer You TodayIdeas I’ve collected over 16 years of research on technological equity as it relates to:

◆ disability

◆ race/ethnicity

◆ class/socioeconomic status

◆ gender

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

What I Ask of You TodayWhat I Ask of You Today

◆ Keep an open mind

◆ Keep an open heart

◆ Keep me honest by challenging my assumptions and programs

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

“ If you are going to be a woman scientist, you either have to change how you see science or how you see yourself”

Suzanne K. DamarinThe Ohio State University

The Science ProblemThe Science Problem

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

The Media MessageThe Media Message◆ All scientists are crazy, or weird, or both:

– the Unabomber– Rain Man– Dr. Frankenstein

◆ Its in the genes.

◆ Its about torturing small animals.

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Defining the ProblemDefining the Problem

“ We are witnessing the fracturing of the democratic institutions that hold us together. The possibility for an information underclass is growing.”

The Benton Foundation Report

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

The Costs of InequityThe Costs of Inequity

The creation of groups of technologicalhave’s and have not’s will have enormous negative ramifications.

◆ Economic

◆ Social

◆ Moral

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

People Without JobsPeople Without Jobs◆ 60% of all jobs..require technology skills

◆ 75% of all transactions between individuals and government ..take place electronically.

People without technology skills or access to electronic communication will be at considerable disadvantage.”

Goslee, 1998

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Jobs Without PeopleJobs Without PeopleIT employs more people and creates more jobs than traditional industries combined.

◆ 71% of large and mid-sized companies report that demands exceed skilled workers

◆ 1 job waiting to be filled for every 10 ◆ computer programming is expected to

grow by 21 to 35% over the next 10 years

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

The UnderrepresentedThe Underrepresented

720,000 women work in the IT industry. They represent 30% of its labour force.

◆◆ 81% are white81% are white◆◆ 10% are Asian American10% are Asian American◆◆ 6% are African American6% are African American◆◆ 3% are Hispanic3% are Hispanic◆◆ <1% are Native North American<1% are Native North American

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Emotional CostEmotional Cost

Inequities of access and use among segments of the population lead to:

◆ disenfranchisement

◆ disillusion

◆ disintegration of the social fabric

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Examining the InequitiesExamining the Inequities

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Consider the “ability” Consider the “ability” and Not the ‘and Not the ‘dis’dis’

“ I don’t want to be viewed as ‘normal,’, but, rather as gifted and unique. Everyone lacks some ability. We are all gifted and unique in our own way.”

DO • IT News Vol. 8, No.2

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Defining DisabilityDefining DisabilityThe term “disability” itself is problematic.

◆ educational

◆ medical/rehabilitative

◆ social

◆ cultural

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

DisabilityDisability vsvs CultureCulture

Many Deaf people reject the entire idea of disability in favour of self-defining as part of Deaf Culture.

◆ a common history

◆ a visual orientation to the world

◆ a unique language (ASL)

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Disability in EducationDisability in EducationTraditional views of disability are expanding in education to include auditory, visual, and behaviourallearning disabilities.

◆ Greater likelihood that students will be integrated into regular classrooms.

◆ Schools are providing new levels of assisted learning.

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Disability in EducationDisability in Education

Students with disabilites take fewer science and math courses. Overall they:

◆ have lower grade and achievement scores,

◆ are underrepresented among those with degrees,

◆ are underrepresented in the workplace.

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Breaking the PatternBreaking the Pattern

“If we can provide all students with true equity of access, we can break that cycle of the haves and the havenots. The cycle of welfare..is not an entrenched society but a pervasive society. If we can break that pervasive society, we’ve got it made.” Sharon McCoy Bell

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Race/Ethnicity FactorsRace/Ethnicity Factors◆ 32.9% of African American students own a

home computer compared to 73% of white students

◆ 9% of African Americans are likely to use the Web at home compared to 14% of white Americans

◆ 2.8% of African Americans are likely to purchase a home computer compared to 10% of white Americans

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

High School ComputingHigh School ComputingIn 1999 11,793 students took the AP Computer Science “AB” exam

◆ 9% women compared to 91% men◆ 65% were white◆ 22% were Asian American◆ 5% were African American◆ 5% were Hispanic◆ 3% were “other”

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

CollegeCollege

Students entering public black colleges are the least likely of all freshmen to report using the Internet for email and research.

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Socioeconomic Factors Socioeconomic Factors ◆ 20% of students from households earning

less than $30,000 per year have a home computer compared to 80% in homes with incomes higher than $75,000

◆ 43.5 of families on public assistance do not have telephones

◆ 50% of female-headed households living in poverty do not have phones

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

It is Where You Come FromIt is Where You Come From

Students in areas with a large portion of poor and minority students are much less likely to have technology access.

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Gender FactorsGender Factors“ Women working in science

and technology are doubly marked, doubly silenced, and doubly denied.”

Suzanne K. DamarinThe Ohio State University

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

The Generation Between The Generation Between High school girls are a generation caught in the middle:◆ more career options and expectations,◆ more access to technology, ◆ still subject to enormous peer and social

pressure concerning difference,◆ less comfortable with technology than

elementary students.

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Lies We Tell Our DaughtersLies We Tell Our Daughters◆ Girls are different.◆ Girls aren’t different.◆ Science is neutral.◆ Its okay to be smart and a girl.◆ Life is fair.◆ There are no limitations.◆ Having a career doesn’t mean

sacrificing your personal life.

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

What They Ask ThemselvesWhat They Ask Themselves

◆ How come I feel different?

◆ Why is science/technology boring?

◆ If they know I’m smart will they like me?

◆ Are there going to be any jobs left for me?

◆ How come my Mom still does most of the housework as well as her full time job?

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

What We Know For SureWhat We Know For SureVirtually every study on gender equity and technology in education concludes that male and female students are treated differently:◆ males receive more attention,◆ males receive more praise, ◆ males have greater access to resources,◆ males are encouraged to pursue a greater

variety of careers.

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

What Really WorksWhat Really WorksThe only thing that seems to guaranteegender equity and success in science and technology is single-sex education where girls do not have to compete for:

◆ resources,◆ attention,◆ encouragement.

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Thanks for Nothing!Thanks for Nothing!

Given that the majority of young people are in heterogeneous, multiracial, multiethnic, integrated, coeducational academic settings, what can we do???

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Finding Solutions Finding Solutions

Reality checks and attitude adjustments.Reality checks and attitude adjustments.

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Start by Admitting Start by Admitting There is a DifferenceThere is a Difference

◆ Encourage young people in computing to express and explore ways in which they feel different.

◆ Organize around difference to make it easier for them to own it.

◆ Encourage them to begin building support groups that will help support and sustain them.

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Never Expect LessNever Expect LessOf your students

◆ encourage high expectations◆ give them tools, not excuses

Of yourself◆ always be aware of your own programs◆ don’t forget, you can’t fix everything but

every day you make a BIG difference

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Specific SuggestionsSpecific Suggestions

◆ Group specific activities/access

◆ Role models

◆ Support groups

◆ Management skills

◆ Resources

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Role ModelsRole Models

◆ Model equity in your classroom.◆ On-line mentoring programs.◆ Classroom speakers.

Try to avoid token over-achievers who scare young people into thinking they could never be the perfect rocket scientist, spouse, parent....

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Just for UsJust for Us

◆ Classes

◆ Project groups

◆ Lab time

◆ Mentoring

◆ Career Counseling

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Celebrating Your Celebrating Your Inner NerdInner Nerd

◆ Technology clubs

◆ Pocket protector day

◆ Don’t comb your hair day

◆ Short pants day

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Skills TrainingSkills Training

◆◆ Time managementTime management

◆◆ Presentation skillsPresentation skills

◆◆ Stress management Stress management

◆◆ Resume/interview preparationResume/interview preparation

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

ResourcesResources

◆◆ Get the Guidance people on track.Get the Guidance people on track.

◆◆ Explore mass media.Explore mass media.

◆◆ Get a good guide to careers in computing.Get a good guide to careers in computing.

◆◆ Novels likeNovels like MicroserfsMicroserfs and and 82 Desire.82 Desire.

◆◆ Find good technology websites.Find good technology websites.

CS & IT Symposium June 25, 2000© Chris Stephenson

Why You Are So ImportantWhy You Are So Important

◆◆ Ask any child who their heroes are.Ask any child who their heroes are.

◆◆ Now ask any successful adult.Now ask any successful adult.

““L’education nous faisait ce que nous sommesL’education nous faisait ce que nous sommes””HelvetiusHelvetius