Energía Solar

Laboratorio de Energía Alterna

Renovable SostenibleEnergía SolarAgusto 2009

Dr. Rodger Evans

1Tuesday, August 18, 2009

ÓpticaDiseño

Audarno sufrir

DarServicios

Laboratorio

• Alterna de que ?

¿ Porque ?

• Energía produce trabajo

• Energía para entropía

• orden

• información

• Cultura es información

• Sociedad es hecho de cultura

Energía =

Sociedad

Control de energía =

Control de sociedad

Energía

=Sociedad

Energía libre

sostenible{=Sociedad

Energía libre

sostenible{Permaculture

=Sociedad

Libertad

Fuentes de energía

• Nuclear

• Viento

• Solar

• Mar

• Ondas

• Marea

• Geotermal

• Gravidad (hydro)

• Solar

• Viento

• Ondas

• Solar• Viento

• Ondas

Enería Gratuito

la Tierra

• 78% N2

• 20.95% O2

• 0.93% Ar

• 0.038% CO2

Fuente

Concentración

Conversion

Consumo de Energía

Fossile

• Barrato

• Transporte simple

• Concentrado

• Util (plásticos)

• Infraestructura

• Casa

• Gas (natural o propano)

• Aciete (califacion)

• Luz- gas o carbono

• Auto

• Industria

Fossile

Radiación Solar

Estación CICESE

mes J/m^2/dia kW h/dia

promedio

2.55E+07 6.8

3.89E+06 1.05

1.47E+07 3.96

14 MJ/m2 de día3.8 kWh de m2

uso (mi casa) 130kWh cada dos mes0.5 m2 @100%

PV (25%)=>2 m2

Concentración

Scheffler Reflector

Diseños

• Photovoltaic

• crystalina

• pelicula delgado

• Óptica

• directo

• concentrado

• Currente Directo

• Pillas

• Respuesta rapido

• 3+ años

Diseños

• Photo-termal

• directo

• califación de casa

• agua domestico

• ‘Solar Pond’

• concentrado

• Energía termal

• Stiriling

• Organic Rankin

• califación

• Energîa almacenado

• agua, sal, terra, piedra

Conversion

Cooking with the Sun!

SECO FACT SHEET NO. 23 COOKING WITH THE SUN! P.1

HIGHLIGHTS

! Solar cookers are useful for everyday cooking or solar picnics

! They come in many types and capabilities

! They are easy to build, or can be bought ready-made

! Solar cooking works well, and is easy, fun, and good for the environment

SUMMARY

Although most Texans understandhow it can be hot enough to fry anegg on the pavement, few have seri-ously considered actually cookingwith the sun. Yet in some parts ofthe world, solar cooking is very pop-ular. In Texas it works just as welland is suitable for everything frompicnics to everyday cooking.

SOLAR COOKERBASICS

Solar cookers work because directsunlight carries lots of power: onbright days, about 1,000 watts fallon each square meter of surface thatit strikes (compare this to yourtoaster oven, which is likely to useabout 1,000 watts). In a solar cook-er, sunlight is concentrated into acooking area that gets hot enough to

SECO FACT SHEET NO. 23

cook food. Collecting more sunlightprovides more power; this is bal-anced by heat losses, so solar cookerssometimes feature an insulatedcooking chamber.

SOLAR COOKERDESIGNS

Just as there are many kinds of con-ventional cookers (ovens, stovetops,broilers, microwave ovens), there are

Figure 1 Panel Cooker The “Cookit” panel cooker is simple but effective

many kinds of solar cookers. Perhapsthe simplest solar cooker is the“Cookit” shown in Figure 1. It con-sists of a single piece of aluminizedcardboard folded into a reflector. Adark pot placed in a plastic bagserves as the cooking vessel. Thisdesign performs similarly to simplebox cookers.

Figure 2 shows a box cooker, whichis basically an insulated box, blackon the inside (to absorb sunlight)with a transparent cover (commonlyglass), and one or more reflectivepanels to increase the amount ofsunlight that enters the cookingchamber. Food to be cooked isplaced inside, usually in a dark-colored pot to increase energy

absorption. Box cookers behavemuch like conventional ovens oper-ating at medium temperatures.

Parabolic designs, illustrated in fig-ure 3, have a dish reflector with aparabolic shape that reflects sunlight

into a focal region where a cookingvessel, usually dark in color, isplaced. Depending on the size of thereflector, very high temperatures canbe reached. Such designs may have alarge solar collection area and there-fore high power; but they typicallydo not have an insulated cookingchamber, so they are used similarlyto a conventional stovetop.

Some cooker designs combine thehigh concentration of a paraboliccooker with an insulated cookingchamber. Such designs, called con-centrator ovens, can rival a conven-tional oven in performance. Figure 4shows one such unit that is soldcommercially.

As you can see from these examples,solar cooker designers have been

RENEWABLE ENERGYTHE INFINITE POWER

OF TEXAS

Figure 2 Box cooker Box cookers are excellent for slowcooking

Figure 3 ParabolicCooker Parabolic solarcookers produce concen-trated heat

many kinds of solar cookers. Perhapsthe simplest solar cooker is the“Cookit” shown in Figure 1. It con-sists of a single piece of aluminizedcardboard folded into a reflector. Adark pot placed in a plastic bagserves as the cooking vessel. Thisdesign performs similarly to simplebox cookers.

Figure 2 shows a box cooker, whichis basically an insulated box, blackon the inside (to absorb sunlight)with a transparent cover (commonlyglass), and one or more reflectivepanels to increase the amount ofsunlight that enters the cookingchamber. Food to be cooked isplaced inside, usually in a dark-colored pot to increase energy

absorption. Box cookers behavemuch like conventional ovens oper-ating at medium temperatures.

Parabolic designs, illustrated in fig-ure 3, have a dish reflector with aparabolic shape that reflects sunlight

into a focal region where a cookingvessel, usually dark in color, isplaced. Depending on the size of thereflector, very high temperatures canbe reached. Such designs may have alarge solar collection area and there-fore high power; but they typicallydo not have an insulated cookingchamber, so they are used similarlyto a conventional stovetop.

Some cooker designs combine thehigh concentration of a paraboliccooker with an insulated cookingchamber. Such designs, called con-centrator ovens, can rival a conven-tional oven in performance. Figure 4shows one such unit that is soldcommercially.

As you can see from these examples,solar cooker designers have been

RENEWABLE ENERGYTHE INFINITE POWER

OF TEXAS

Figure 2 Box cooker Box cookers are excellent for slowcooking

Figure 3 ParabolicCooker Parabolic solarcookers produce concen-trated heat

El Paso solar pond70 kW

Organic Rankin cycle

El Paso solar pond70 kW

Organic Rankin cycle

Isreal; Ormat, 150 kWOrganic Rankin

Rankin Cycle

!"#$%&%""'&"(&)*+&,-.#/.(0&123456!7&.(&8"9)":;

!"#$%&'(#)%"*+%#)*,)-"#!%

./0)*+%#)*,)-"#!% #1/23%"*+%#)*,)-"#!%

+-)'(#)%"*+%#)*,)-"#!%

<.''+%+()&9+$9"($#&*+$)&9)"%$0+&)+:*("#"0.+9

Motor Stirling

• Convertador termal-mechanica

• alta eficiencia

• Dificil a fabricar

• Alta pression

Sandia Nation Labsstirling engine

Diseños

• Photo-photo

• Daylighting

• Activo

• Espejos y lentes

• Passivo

• Diseño

• Filtracion

• calor

• UV

• Desparciemiento

Veranosolsticio

35º Inviernosolsticio

60º55º

Califación Solar Passivo para casa en Ensenada BC, Mexico

Veranosolsticio

Calefacciónde aire

iluminación de oficina

Califación y illuminación Solar Passivo para oficina en Ensenada BC, Mexico

Veranosolsticio

hdlin lout

•zero luz directo•máximo iluminación•vista sin obstrución

Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals , ever y cor r upt pol it ic ian, ever y "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there – on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.

The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors so that, in glory and triumph, they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one c o r n e r o f t h i s p i x e l o n t h e s c a r c e l y distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner, how frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds.

Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the Universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves.

The Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit, yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment the Earth is where we make our stand.

It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character-building experience. There is perhaps no better demonstration of the folly of human conceits than this distant image of our t iny world. To me, it underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly with one another, and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known.

Carl Sagen May 11th, 1996

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