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ENVIRONMENT, DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND FORESTS
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
Dr. W. G.Prasanna Kumar
Dr. K. Tirupataiah
Strategic Location
Most safe and secure location
in India
GONDWANA LAND
DECCAN PLATEAU
ElevatedWell drainedPleasant climate
OUR NATURAL HERITAGE
RELIEF MAP
CLIMATE CHANGE VARIABILITY IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS
Precipitation is less than
potential evapotranspiration.
Low annual rainfall of 25 to 60
centimeters and having scrubby
vegetation with short, coarse
grasses; not completely arid.
CLIMATE CHANGE VARIABILITY IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS
Climate Variability and extremes
The people vulnerable to droughts
Increasing crop failures, dislocation, famine, poverty & social inequities.
In 2009 witnessed
• 50 years old
drought
• 100 years old
flood
SOILS
PEOPLE OF TELANGANA
PEACEFUL, TOLERANT AND HARD WORKING
HIGHLY ADAPTIVE
HIGHLY MOBILE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
(The Brundtland Commission,1987)
Capitals
Global Climate Change and Urbanization
1900
15% urban
2000
~50% urban
LESS VISUAL BUT WITH MAJOR IMPACT
> Temperature increase
> Less & erratic rain
Agriculture and food security
Crop yields, irrigation demands...
Forest
Composition, health and productivity...
Water resources
Water supply, water quality...
Species and natural areas
Biodiversity, modification of ecosystems...Human health
Infectious diseases, human settlements...
Consequences of
climate change:
MAJOR CONCERNS
DROUGHT PROOFINGRURAL
• SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS
ENVIRONMENTURBAN
• SUSTAINABLE HABITATS
RURAL CHALLENGES
Climate change -variability -
extremes
Soil fertility Water management
Impact of hazardous
pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers
Burning of crop residue
Alkalinity of soils
Mahabubnagar District Rainfall Pattern
y = -4.6207x + 851.14
R2 = 0.1374
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201314
DROUGHT
Skewed distribution of rainfall – 40% deficit from June-August which is the sowing season
Depletion of ground water situation
Untimely heavy rains during Sept – Oct affects the crops
Lack of Rainfall during November-December adversely affects Rabi sowings
0% 20% 40% 60%
Drought
Crop Failure
Crop Disease
Drop in crop prices
Bad investment
0% 10% 20% 30%
Wait for rain before sow
Seek non-farm w ork
Sow less
Sow substitute crops
Don't sow (fallow )
Weighted self-reports:“What are the major sources of risk faced by your household?
Weighted self-reports:“If it does not rain, what do you do?”
Challenges
Sector Challenges
Environmen
t
Solid Waste management, Sewage
treatment, air pollution,
Industrial environmental
compliance
Disaster
Management
Recurring Droughts, urban floods,
eroding natural resources
Forests Degradation, competing demands
for deforestation, raising forest
cover outside forest area, urban
greenery
•
ENVIRONMENT MAJOR CHALLENGES
Air Quality in Indian Cities
US Embassy New Delhi - AQI 133 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM
US Consulate Hyderabad - AQI 140 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM
US Consulate Chennai - AQI 58 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM
US Consulate Kolkata - AQI 87 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM
US Consulate Mumbai - AQI 137 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM
Solid Waste in cities in India
Environmental Challenges:
• Sewage Untreated: 1370 MLD Sewage in GHMC area with 600 MLD treatment capacity
• 10 MLD STP required for 1 lakh population
• 1 MLD cost Rs 1 Crore and O& M per year Rs 20 lakhs
• 6000 Industries under PCB Monitoring
• Introduction of Clean Fuels, CNG Buses, Metro rail, Fly overs seamless traffic flow, 15 years or older vehicles ban from urban areas
DISASTER MANAGEMENTMAJOR CHALLENGES
SAND MINING
Dealing with Waste management in
School
Engaging in School based activity
ENVIRONMENT: BEST PRACTICES
Japan's Fukuoka Method Implemented In The FSM
Disaster Management : Best Practices
Way Forward : Improved Stoves:
Way Forward: Adaptation : Polyhouse, Green House & SWAR
Way Forward: Weather Based Crop Insurance
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com
6th September 2013
Way Forward: BIOCHAR
Biochar is another name for charcoal used for purposes other than combustion.
Like all charcoal, biochar is created by the pyrolysis of biomass.
Way Forward: BIOCHAR APPLICATION
SOIL CARBON INCREASE
MOISTURE CONSERVATION
FERTILIZERS CONSERVATION
INCREASE IN YIELD
Way Forward: CONSERVATION OF URBAN WATER BODIES
Way Forward: FLOATIGATION
Way Forward: FLOATIGATION
Way Forward: FLOATIGATION
Way Forward: Floating Garden and Parks
Perforated pipe
Sand
Biochar
Gravel
Way Forward: SEWAGIGATION
Road
Sewerage
Clean water for irrigation
Drip Irrigation
Way Forward: SEWAGIGATION
Way Forward: SEWAGIGATION
CITY
River
Catchment of city
Green Belt
Ringroad
Cascades
Way Forward: Future cities – annular / circular / segregated
water harvesting water bodies
Way Forward: Roads as Water Sources for Filling Urban Water Bodies
Way Forward:
Way Forward: OUTER RING ROAD – 158 KMS LENGTH
PROPOSED REGIONAL RING ROAD – 290 KMS
POTENTIAL FOR ~100 WATER BODIES CREATION
Way Forward: Roads as
Dams
Way Forward: Way Forward: River Front Development
Way Forward: WATER USE EFFICIENCY
MONITORING WATER AND
ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS
MONITORING
MANAGEMENT
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Way Forward: Monitoring the flows
Way Forward:
Way Forward: Monitoring the flows
Solar Power
Arduino, SIM 900,
Battery, Temp and
Relative Humidity
sensor
Bowman Water Tube
with ultrasonic sensor
RBC Flume with
ultrasonic sensor
ClimaAdapt Project, Kondrapole, Miryalaguda, Nalgonda
Way Forward:
Water Level in Field water tube (Bowman) using ultrasonic sensor
Way Forward:
Way Forward: AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION
Way Forward: AWARENESS TO CHILDRREN ON WATER CONSERVATION & MONITORING
ClimaAdapt Project, Kondrapole, Miryalaguda, Nalgonda
Glow Level for Tube wells –Colour LEDs for different levels of water in the tube wells
Way Forward:
SOIL MOISTURE MEASUREMENT IN THE SOIL
Way Forward:
Way Forward:
Way Forward:
NAPCC – Match NATIONAL MISSIONSNational Solar Mission: Development and use of solar energy for power generation
National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency: yield savings of 10,000 MW.
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat: energy efficiency for urban planning.
National Water Mission: 20% improvement in water use efficiency: Water Grid
Way Forward:
NAPCC – Match National MissionsNational Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem
National Mission for a “Green India”: afforestation of 6 million hectares of forest cover from 23% to 33% Haritha Haram
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: climate-resilient crops, weather insurance and agriculture : Mission Kakatiya
National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change for a better understanding.
Way Forward:
FORESTS
Important forest species
• Teak is the important species growing in, Adilabad, Nizamabad, Warangal, Karimnagar and Khammam.
• Fine quality of bamboo is available in the districts of khammam, Mahaboobnagar, Adilabad, warangal,
• Abnus leaf (Beedi leaf) major MFP in Telangana
• custard apples- a livelihoods source
LESS VISUAL BUT WITH MAJOR IMPACT
> Temperature increase
> Less & erratic rain
Agriculture and food security
Crop yields, irrigation demands...
Forest
Composition, health and productivity...Water resources
Water supply, water quality...
Species and natural areas
Biodiversity, modification of ecosystems...Human health
Infectious diseases, human settlements...
Consequences of
climate change:
NAPCC - National Missions
National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem
National Mission for a “Green India”: afforestation of 6 million hectares of forest cover from 23% to 33%National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: climate-resilient crops, weather insurance and agriculture.
National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change for a better understanding.
Important forest species
• Teak is the important species growing in, Adilabad, Nizamabad, Warangal, Karimnagar and Khammam.
• Fine quality of bamboo is available in the districts of khammam, Mahaboobnagar, Adilabad, warangal,
• Abnus leaf (Beedi leaf) major MFP in Telangana
• custard apples- a livelihoods source
FORESTS MAJOR CHALLENGES
Challenges
Sector Challenges
Environment Solid Waste management, Sewage treatment, air
pollution, Industrial environmental compliance
Disaster
Management
Recurring Droughts, urban floods, eroding natural
resources
Forests Degradation, competing demands
for deforestation, raising forest
cover outside forest area, urban
greenery
Telangana ku HARITHA HAARAM
• Aim: to increase green cover up to 33% of Geographical Area (present 25.16%)
• 230 crore saplings ( 100 cr inside forest, 120 cr outside forest, 10 cr urban areas)
• 40 lakh saplings per assembly constituency
• Out lay Rs.800 cr/year
• 2015-16 : 41 cr saplings
• 3300 nurseries
• FD, DWMA, Agriculture, Horticulture, TW depts
Telangana ku HARITHA HAARAM• Forest area
• Protection, afforestation (blanks), rejuvenation (degraded), SMC, plantation in RoFR areas
• Outside forest• Avenue, institutional, Barren hills, Tank
foreshores, river banks, homestead & industrial, agro-forestry, Smrithivanams, urban residential areas
Best Practices- GREAT GREEN WALL OF CHINA
• To raise 90 million acres of new forest
• A Band stretching 2800 miles across North China
• Largest ecological restoration project in the world
• Aim to arrest spread of Gobi desert and “yellow dragons’(dust storms) in to Beijing
• Period 1978 till 2050
GREAT GREEN WALL OF CHINA• Criticism
• Monoculture, no biodiversity
• Non-native species, loss of native species
• Depletion of groundwater further
• Massive death of trees after initial growth
GREAT GREEN WALL OF CHINA• Alternative• Nurturing land by land itself (Jiang Gaoming,
ecologist), Ex: Inner Mongolia Hunshandak sandy land project
• Prevent further degradation and allow natural growth .
• Conservation International & China Centre for Nature and Society- 100,000 sq. mile ecosystem restoration from conifers to grasslands
• 12,000 acres restored so far
• 5 projects taken up in collaboration mode
THAR DESERT OF INDIA• 2.34 million sq.kms area
• Spreading @ 12,000 ha /year
• Moving towards Delhi @ 0.5 kms per year
• CAZRI/AFRI took up ‘stabilization of shifting sand dunes’, created micro-climates, tree-screens and shelterbelts
• 649 kms of Indira Nahar canal runs in the desert
THAR DESERT OF INDIA• Central Arid Zone Research Institute,
Jodhpur
• Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur• To develop techniques for rain water harvesting
in arid areas.
• To develop technology for afforestation on stress sites.
• Eco-stabilization of deserts with emphasis on sand dune fixation.
• To develop techniques for production of high quality planting material.
Social Forestry in Malaysia
• In the Peninsula, social forestry programmes are designed to provide amenity through the establishment of recreational parks within the Permanent Forest Estate, urban planting of trees for aesthetic values and the planting of traditional fruit trees along forest fringes by the rural communities, primarily to create local awareness on the importance of forestry to their living environment.
• In short, social forestry development programmes will be most likely to succeed in areas where an integrated approach is being taken towards rural development; where these perceived needs are being met and where forestry is included as part of an overall development package.
Ideas for consideration
• Can Forest Department, TS alone handle ‘Haritha Haaram’?
• Collaboration with national organisations like –CRIDA, CAZRI, AFRI
• Collaboration with International organisations like- ICRISAT, Climate Community & Biodiversity Alliance (CCBA) and Conservational International
• Set up a centre for dryland agriculture research in Professor Jayashankar TSAU
Ideas for consideration
• Review the past efforts• Wastelands development programme,GoI
• CIDA social forestry in our state
• consider• Multi-culture, not monoculture
• Native species, not non-natives
• Multi-purpose plants, not non-grazing type
• Farming systems approach
Forests: Agro Forestry & Silvipasture
URBAN ROOFTOPGARDENS
Thank you..
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