Eukaryotic cell structures for Advanced Biology

Answer the questionI can see

1. Nucleus2. Endoplasmic

Reticulum (ER)3. Golgi4. Ribosomes5. Cell membrane6. Vacuole

A. Allows materials to move in and out of the cell

B. Make proteins.C. Transports proteins along

a pathwayD. Controls the cells activity E. Packages and modifies

protein to be sent out of the cell

F. Stores water and other materials

Ch 4: The Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells

To aid in your note taking Key concepts are underlined

Vocabulary terms are in green

Objectives

1. Identify the parts (in order) and job of the endomembrane system

Why does a cell need all these parts? A cell is like a tiny factory

that produces proteins

Nucleus Contains

the cells DNA DNA codes for proteins

Controls most of the cells functions

DNA in the form of chromatin – DNA + proteins

Inside the nucleus is the nucleolus

Made of RNA + proteins

Functions in making ribosomes for the cell

The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope (or nuclear membrane) Small pores (called nuclear pores) in the

envelope allow materials to move in and out of the nucleus

Quick checkIdentify all components of the nucleus

Quick check

Explain: do all cells have a nucleus?

Quick check

Use a model: where is thismodel is the nucleus? How can you tell?

Ribosomes Very, very tiny

The place where the DNA code is read and the proteins are put together

RNA

Ribosomes in a cell

Free ribosomes Floating in the cytoplasm They make proteins the cell needs

Bound ribosomes Attached to the ER They make proteins to be shipped out of

the cell

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Sheets of membrane covered in ribosomes

Rough ER membrane is connected to the nuclear membrane

Proteins that will be shipped out of the cell are made by ribosomes on the rough ER

Cells that produce a lot of proteins for export will have more rough ER

Proteins are sent to the Golgi body in vesicles that pinch off of the rough ER

Quick Check

It can be difficult to Distinguish between ER and Golgi in a cell diagram. Identify at least

2 ways you can tell the difference between these 2 cell structures.

Quick Think

Suppose you observe a cell with a BUNCH of bound ribosomes. What could you deduce from this observation?

Quick Think

The nuclear pores of the nuclear envelope allow molecules into and out of the nucleus. What are some specific molecules that would need to get into and out of the nucleus?

Draw a cell

Include Cell membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Rough ER Ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus Modifies and packages proteins for shipment from the cell

Proteins sent in vesicles to the cell membrane

Smooth ER Sheets of membrane without

ribosomes Attached to Rough ER Makes the lipids for the cell

Cell Membrane (aka Plasma Membrane)

Controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell

Cell membrane

The Endomembrane SystemAll these parts

together make up the endomembrane system

This system functions in protein production and secretion

The Endomembrane System

1. List the parts in order from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane

2. What is the primary role of the endomembrane system in cells?

Lysosomes A membrane bag of digestive enzymes

Break down and recycle old cell parts

Digest materials brought into the cell

VacuolesVery big in plants, smaller in animal cells

A place to store water, food, and waste

Lysosomes and vacuoles are part of the endomembrane system

Made of membrane

Interact with vesicles

Quick Think Think of the function of each of the

following cells. For each cell type, tell me which organelle would be relatively more abundant and WHY… Pancreatic cells (producing the protein

insulin which is released into the blood) Liver cells – detoxify blood

The organelles of the Endomembrane System

1. Identify: list all the cell structures associated with protein secretion

2. Explain: the primary role of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells

3. Predict: what are at least 2 cell structures we have not talked about today? How do you think these cell structures help the cell function?

Stop

Eukaryotic Cell Structures Part 2

Chloroplasts In plants only

The place where photosynthesis happens (makes sugar for the plant)

MitochondriaTinyThe place where energy (ATP) is made for the cell

Mitochondria & Chloroplasts are special… Both have:Both have:

a double membrane – inner and outera double membrane – inner and outer their own ribosomestheir own ribosomes their own DNA to make their own proteinstheir own DNA to make their own proteins

Quick Think Describe at least 2 things

that mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common.

Explain why mitochondria and chloroplasts are not part of the endomembrane system.

Cytoskeleton Functions

Supports cell Allows cell to move

Cilia & Flagella

For cell movement Flagella whip Cilia wave

Cell Wall Protects the cell All plants, fungi, and bacteria have

cell walls Strong fibers of carbohydrates

Centrosomes

Builds proteins that make cytoskeleton

In animals, makes microtubules that organize chromosomes during cell division

Add these word roots to your glossary Chloro – greenChloro – green

chloroplastchloroplast Cyto – cellCyto – cell

cytoplasmcytoplasm Elle – smallElle – small

organelleorganelle Eu – trueEu – true

eukaryoteeukaryote

Extra – outsideExtra – outside extracellularextracellular

Pro – beforePro – before prokaryoteprokaryote

Trans – acrossTrans – across transporttransport

Vacu – emptyVacu – empty vacuolevacuole

Quick Think

There are many different cell types, even within the same organism. Cells vary in size, shape, structure, and function. This is part of the diversity of life.

Which aspects of cells best reveal their evolutionary unity?

What are some examples of specialized cellular modifications?