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ROMANESQUEROMANESQUEROMANESQUEROMANESQUE
East vs. WestEast vs. WestEast vs. WestEast vs. West
Byzantine Empire survived for about 1,000 Byzantine Empire survived for about 1,000
years whereas Western Roman Empire years whereas Western Roman Empire
rapidly crumbled.rapidly crumbled.
Western Europe struggled from the start of Western Europe struggled from the start of
the century until fifteenth century. the century until fifteenth century.
AD 500-1500 ‘Middle Ages’, ‘Dark Ages’ or AD 500-1500 ‘Middle Ages’, ‘Dark Ages’ or
‘Medieval Period’‘Medieval Period’
Dark AgesDark AgesDark AgesDark Ages
Medieval PeriodMedieval PeriodMedieval PeriodMedieval Period
After Barbarian invasions, north of Europe After Barbarian invasions, north of Europe
isolated and recovers slowly.isolated and recovers slowly.
Started at the collapse of the Roman Started at the collapse of the Roman
Empire until the beginning of the Empire until the beginning of the
RenaissanceRenaissance
Medieval PeriodMedieval PeriodMedieval PeriodMedieval Period
Early Middle AgesEarly Middle Ages
High Middle AgesHigh Middle Ages
Late Middle AgesLate Middle Ages
Early Middle AgesEarly Middle AgesEarly Middle AgesEarly Middle Ages
many barbarian invaders conquered most of many barbarian invaders conquered most of
Roman EmpireRoman Empire
7th and 8th century, the ‘Franks’ under 7th and 8th century, the ‘Franks’ under
‘Carolingian dynasty’, established an empire ‘Carolingian dynasty’, established an empire
that covered much of western Europe before it that covered much of western Europe before it
succumbed to pressures of invasionsuccumbed to pressures of invasion
Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east
and Saracens from the south.and Saracens from the south.
‘‘Age of Faith’Age of Faith’‘‘Age of Faith’Age of Faith’
Medieval people had one fixation: to Medieval people had one fixation: to
prepare for eternal life after deathprepare for eternal life after death
Church grown into power, guided the Church grown into power, guided the
people in the quest for salvation. They people in the quest for salvation. They
influence the lives of kings and peasants influence the lives of kings and peasants
throughout Western Europethroughout Western Europe
Early Middle AgesEarly Middle AgesEarly Middle AgesEarly Middle Ages
Fall of Rome - start of the Early Medieval Fall of Rome - start of the Early Medieval
Period.Period.
Time of conflict, warfare, mass migrationTime of conflict, warfare, mass migration
Charlemagne - Carolingian Dynasty was Charlemagne - Carolingian Dynasty was
foundedfounded
CharlemagneCharlemagneCharlemagneCharlemagne
Charlemagne or Charles Charlemagne or Charles the Great the Great
Among the greatest Among the greatest leaders in the Middle leaders in the Middle AgesAges
Conquered most of Conquered most of western or central Europewestern or central Europe
revival of culture that was revival of culture that was lost for 400 yearslost for 400 years
Role of CharlemagneRole of CharlemagneRole of CharlemagneRole of Charlemagne
His dynasty revived a His dynasty revived a strong and efficient strong and efficient governmentgovernment
Renewed interest in Renewed interest in learning and the artslearning and the arts
Scholasticism - arithmetic, Scholasticism - arithmetic, grammar and the psalmsgrammar and the psalms
Preservation of ancient Preservation of ancient manuscriptsmanuscripts
DeathDeathDeathDeathCharlemagne - 814 ADCharlemagne - 814 ADCharlemagne - 814 ADCharlemagne - 814 AD
Rise of FeudalismRise of FeudalismRise of FeudalismRise of Feudalism
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalism
More frequent wars More frequent wars = building of stone = building of stone castles for castles for fortification and fortification and withstand enemy withstand enemy attackattack
Lords gave up their Lords gave up their lands and freedom lands and freedom for more powerful for more powerful lords in turn for lords in turn for protectionprotection
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalism
servant or ‘vassal’ to the lordservant or ‘vassal’ to the lord
‘‘serfs’ - poor peasant with no land to give in serfs’ - poor peasant with no land to give in turn for protectionturn for protection
ROMANESQUE ARTROMANESQUE ARTROMANESQUE ARTROMANESQUE ART
RomanesqueRomanesqueRomanesqueRomanesque
Art in the 11th and Art in the 11th and 12th century was 12th century was named such named such because of its because of its similarities to similarities to Roman art.Roman art.
CharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristics
followed Byzantine iconographic models followed Byzantine iconographic models
depicting ‘Christ in Majesty’, ‘Last depicting ‘Christ in Majesty’, ‘Last
Judgement’, scenes from the Life of ChristJudgement’, scenes from the Life of Christ
large wooden crucifix - German innovation large wooden crucifix - German innovation
as well as free-standing status of the as well as free-standing status of the
enthroned Madonnaenthroned Madonna
Stained glass and illuminated manuscriptsStained glass and illuminated manuscripts
CharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristics
For educational and religious purposeFor educational and religious purpose
varying heights in terms of importancevarying heights in terms of importance
expressionismexpressionism
SculptureSculptureSculptureSculpture
narrative portalnarrative portal
ManuscriptsManuscriptsManuscriptsManuscripts
Manuscript Manuscript IlluminationIlluminationManuscript Manuscript IlluminationIllumination
the use of embellishment the use of embellishment and illustration to and illustration to enhance the pages of a enhance the pages of a medieval manuscriptmedieval manuscript
Before the printing press, Before the printing press, everything had to be everything had to be copied by handcopied by hand
Decoration of pages with Decoration of pages with delicate paintings in delicate paintings in silver, gold and rich colorssilver, gold and rich colors
Bayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux Tapestry
Bayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux Tapestry
Bayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux Tapestry
nearly 70 m or 230 ft longnearly 70 m or 230 ft long
events leading up to the Norman events leading up to the Norman conquest of England concerning conquest of England concerning William, Duke of Normandy and William, Duke of Normandy and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later King Harold, Earl of Wessex, later King of England, culminating the Battle of England, culminating the Battle of Hastingsof Hastings
some 50 sceness with captions some 50 sceness with captions embroidered on linen with woolen embroidered on linen with woolen yarnsyarns
Likely commissioned by Bishop OdoLikely commissioned by Bishop Odo
Bayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux Tapestry
50 scenes with 600 human figures, 700 creatures, 2000 50 scenes with 600 human figures, 700 creatures, 2000 lettersletters
PaintingPaintingPaintingPainting
tense, nervous tense, nervous rhythms and razor rhythms and razor sharp linessharp lines
two dimensionaltwo dimensional
Whirlpool patterns Whirlpool patterns in unlikely in unlikely anatomyanatomy
Stained GlassStained GlassStained GlassStained Glass
RomanesqueRomanesqueRomanesqueRomanesque
ArchitectureArchitectureArchitectureArchitecture
ArchitectureArchitectureArchitectureArchitecture
first distinctive style to spread across first distinctive style to spread across
Europe since the Roman Empire.Europe since the Roman Empire.
larger, richly articulated, more ‘Roman larger, richly articulated, more ‘Roman
looking’looking’
Most Romanesque Architecture are found Most Romanesque Architecture are found
in northern Spain to Rhineland, Scottish-in northern Spain to Rhineland, Scottish-
English border to central ItalyEnglish border to central Italy
‘‘Pilgrimage Pilgrimage Churches’Churches’‘‘Pilgrimage Pilgrimage Churches’Churches’
Pilgrimage to Pilgrimage to travel and pay travel and pay homage to saints homage to saints and relics in far-off and relics in far-off churcheschurches
people traveled to people traveled to be healedbe healed
Churche of Saint Churche of Saint FoyFoy
Churche of Saint Churche of Saint FoyFoy
Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela CathedralCathedral
Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela CathedralCathedral
Compostela Spain, late 11th centuryCompostela Spain, late 11th centuryCompostela Spain, late 11th centuryCompostela Spain, late 11th century
Typical ElementsTypical ElementsTypical ElementsTypical Elements
WallsWalls
ButtressesButtresses
ArchesArches
ArcadesArcades
PiersPiers
ColumnsColumns
CapitalsCapitals
VaultsVaults
Italy, Poland, Italy, Poland, Germany and Germany and parts of parts of Netherlands - Netherlands - brickbrick
Others use Others use limestone, limestone, granite, flintgranite, flint
ArchesArchesArchesArches
Arches - openings for Arches - openings for
doors and windows, doors and windows,
vaults and arcadesvaults and arcades
Arcades - row of Arcades - row of
arches supported on arches supported on
piers or columnspiers or columns
ArchesArchesArchesArches
VaultsVaultsVaultsVaults
FacadesFacadesFacadesFacades
Church TowersChurch TowersChurch TowersChurch Towers
campanilecampanile
leans 13 ft. off the leans 13 ft. off the perpendicularperpendicular
PlansPlansPlansPlans
‘‘Latin cross’ planLatin cross’ plan
PortalsPortalsPortalsPortals
CapitalsCapitalsCapitalsCapitals
historiated capitalshistoriated capitals
Nicholas of VerdunNicholas of VerdunNicholas of VerdunNicholas of Verdun
Nicholas VerdunNicholas VerdunNicholas VerdunNicholas Verdun
French artist, the most famous goldsmiths French artist, the most famous goldsmiths
enamellists of the Middle Agesenamellists of the Middle Ages
shrines, figurines, candlesticks with shrines, figurines, candlesticks with
precious stones, traveling around Europeprecious stones, traveling around Europe
late Romanesque to early Gothic styleslate Romanesque to early Gothic styles
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