Lesson 33, handout 37-2

Lesson 33, Handout 37: Remembering Your Ps and Qs – Presidential Promises and

Quotable Quotations

Dominick Argana, Adrian Ascencio, Arnold Ortega, Eduardo Sorto

Square Deal● President?● Key policies of his administration?● Importance?

Part A: Presidential Administrations

● Theodore Roosevelt/Republican/1901-1909. ● The Roosevelt Administration embraced the

three Cs: control of the corporations, consumer protection, and the conservation of the United States’ natural resources.

● The Square Deal: 1. Elkins Act of 1903.2. Antiquities Act of 1906.3. Hepburn Act of 1906.4. Meat Inspection Act of 1906.5. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.

Dollar Diplomacy When?What? Where?How?Why?

- William Howard Taft Administration - 1909 - 1913 ( Republican)- Supported the Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (dollars)- The use of a country's financial power to extend its international influence- Latin America and East Asia- Gave out loans to nations to - Goals: To prevent foreign powers to enlarge an investment in key markets (Germany)- build foreign relations- enhance American business - Increase American influence abroad and help foreign policy

Modern Republicanism● President?● Key policies of his administration?● Importance?

● Dwight Eisenhower/Republican/1953-1961. ● The Eisenhower Administration cut the

federal budget and instituted measures to increase states' rights but at the same time increased Social Security and raised the minimum wage.

● Modern Republicanism:1. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare.2. Interstate Highway System.3. New/Fair Deal remained/Cold War emerged.

New FreedomWhen? What?Why?How?

- Woodrow Wilson ( 1913- 1917)(1st term) Democrat-concentrated on Business Reform, ( Federal Trade Commission, and Clayton Anti-Trust Act 1914)Banking Reform (Federal Reserve System 1913- provides the nations with a safer monetary system and financial system) Tariff Reform ( Underwood Tariff Act of 1913)-Panic of 1907 - stock market crashed, bank runs occurred, banks closed

New Deal-President?-In response to? (Major event that happened before) -"3 R's"???

-President Franklin Roosevelt (1933)-In response to Great Depression-New Deal involved presidential executive orders or laws passed by Congress.-"3 R's": Relief=for unemployed and poorRecovery=of the economy to become stableReform= of the financial system to prevent another depression.

Manifest Destiny-meaning?-president who was associated?-significance?

-Manifest Destiny was the belief that Americans were destined by God to conquer the continent and expand.-President who was associated- James K. Polk (11th president)-Changed the shape of our nation/Polk helped expand America westward.

Rugged Individualism -

Who used it??

Policies??

Theme at the time??

Rugged Individualism -

Who used it??- President Herbert Hoover

Policies?? (Example) - Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Theme at the time??____________________________

Great Society-

Who used it??

Policies??

Theme at the time??

Great Society-

Who used it??Lyndon B. Johnson

Policies?? (Example) Elementary and Secondary Education Act.

Theme at the time??_______________________________

Fair Deal● President?● Key policies of his administration?● Importance?

● Harry Truman/Democrat/1945-1953. ● The Truman Administration's most important

proposals were aid to education, universal health insurance, Fair Employment Practices Commission and repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act.

● Fair Deal:1. National School Lunch and Milk Act of 1946. 2. National Mental Health Act of 1946.3. Employment Act of 1946.4. Housing Act of 1949.

New Frontier When? What?Why?How?

- John F. Kennedy- (1961- 63) Democrat- Ambitions to eradicate poverty, discrimination and "move forward".- Space Race - goal to send a man on the moon (Apollo 11- July 1969) - Supported Civil Rights - raised the minimum wage and increased Social Security benefits - raised money for health research

Part B: Quotable Quotation

“A house divided against itself cannot stand.”

Who?When?Why?

- Abraham Lincoln, debate with Douglas - Election of 1860- issue of slavery( the nation must not be divided) either be all free or all pro-slavery- Wins and South secedes from the union- Confederates fired on a group of union soldiers in Fort Sumter- First "battle" of the war - Civil War April 12, 1861 - May 9,1865

Advantages of the Union:

- Number of troops- Supply- Rail Road- Communication- Navy- Industry- Money

Advantages of the Confederates:

- Home Field Advantage- Fighting for what they

believe in- Robert E. Lee

“The power to tax involves the power to destroy.”

Who?When?Why?

- McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)- Maryland taxes the national bank- Supreme Court rules that the state cannot tax on national entity - Strengthens the federal power- Demonstrates Federal Supremacy- States that the federal power rules over the state's

“It is at the bottom of life we must begin, not at the top.”

Who?Why?How?

- Booker T. Washington- Former Slave( freed on 1865)- Emancipation Proclamation of 1863- 13th Am. - 14th Am. - 15th Am. - period of Reconstruction (1865-1877)- Compromise that states Rutherford B. Hayes would win the presidency if he removed troops in the South- believed that African Americans must work and train( educate themselves and earn a stand in society) and slowly gain equality

“Separate educational facilities are inherently

unequal.”Who?When?What?Why?

- Brown v. Board of Education (1954)- rules that Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) was unconstitutional- Plessy v. Ferguson ruled that it was legal to segregate school, hence the term " Separate but equal".- The case rules that separate is not equal and desegregated schools and eventually the public- The era of Jim Crow is done

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are

created equal.” When?What?Why?

- Declaration of Independence (1776) - A document that states that the U.S. is Independent from the British Crown - Came about from the American Revolution- 13 colonies were unhappy with Britain : taxes without representation , Proclamation of 1763, Navagation Act -

“A war to end all wars.”Who?When?Why?

- Woodrow Wilson (1913- 1921) ( Democrat)- During World War 1causes: Militarism - arms raceAlliances - agreements to protect one another "Triple Entente" "Triple Alliance" then the "Central Powers" and the "Allied Powers".Nationalism - prideImperialism - countries colonizes (competition) Assassination - Franz Ferdinand on June 1914 by Gavrilo Princip - U.S. joins 1917 : unrestricted submarine warfare:Zimmerman Telegram -Nov. 11, 1918 Treaty of Versailles - signed on June 28, 1919

“All we ask is to be left alone”Who?When?Why?

- Jefferson Davis-February 1861, Confederates elect their own president- South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee - Believed it was their right and way of life

“December 7, 1941 – a date that will live in infamy.”

Who?Why?Effect?

- Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-45) Democrat- Pearl Harbor- surprise attack on U.S. military base- FDR's speech was meant to persuade Congress to declare war on Japan- Within an hour the president got his declaration of war ( Dec. 8, 1941)- U.S. joins WWII- VE- Day - May 8, 1945- VJ- Day - Sept. 2, 1945

“I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their

skin but by the content of their character.”

- When?- Where?- Why?- Effect?

- Martin Luther King Jr. - I Have Dream Speech on August 1963 - He led the march on Washington for jobs and freedom- A major factor for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the 1965 voting Act- outlawed major forms of discrimination, unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in school, workplace, and public- Assassinated in 1965

“A law repugnant to the Constitution is void”

- John Marshall- Marbury v. Madison 1803- John Adams appoints 42 justices of the peace and 16 new circuit court justices on his last day.- The commission was signed by Adams and sealed by Marshall but not delivered before Adams term ended.- Jefferson refused to honor the commission- Marbury takes it to court and compels James Madison to deliver the commission

- ruled that Marbury has its right to commission but the Supreme Court cannot give them their positions because its not their role- Judicial Review - the power of federal courts to void acts of Congress in conflict with the Constitution- Check and Balance system (Executive and Congress)

“To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers.”

● What does it mean?● Why was it important?● Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Why was it a

problem?

ANSWER: US Constitution Necessary and Proper Clause/Article One of the United States Constitution, section 8, clause 18.

“We…covenant and combine ourselves into a civil body politic.”

Mayflower ship● what was the ships significance?Compact ● what is a compact?Separatists were fleeing from religious persecution in Great Britain.● who was the king?

ANSWER: Mayflower Compact

“Fifty-four forty or fight.”

ANSWER: JAMES K. POLK● Who is James K. Polk?

Dispute between US and Great Britain over land

● what land were they fighting over?

US insisted that our rights to the Oregon Country extended north from 54 degrees 40 minutes.

● That is where the slogan came from- "Fifty-four forty or fight"

“Free trade and sailors’ rights.”

dANSWER: CAPTAIN DAVID PORTER

● Who was David Porter?

Ship Banner "Free trade and sailor's rights"

● Why was this his slogan? What does it mean?

War of 1812● why did most Americans

support the war?

“You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.”

● Who was William JenningsBryan?

July 9, 1896- DemocraticNational Convention in Chicago● "Cross of Gold Speech"

America was divided when it came to the monetary system● what is the monetary system?● what did Bryan support?

ANSWER: WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN

“God made us neighbors. Let justice make us friends.”

ANSWER: Franklin D. Roosevelt

● Who was FDR?

Good Neighbor Policy● what did the policy

include?● who did it involve?

What is the significance of the quote?

“And so, my fellow Americans: Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can

do for your country.”

ANSWER: John F. Kennedy

● First inaugural speech that was...?● JFK was the first ________ president. (Religion)

● What was going on during this time period? How does it relate to the quote?

“We must be the great arsenal of democracy.”

ANSWER: Franklin D. Roosevelt

December 29, 1940Radio Broadcast-what does "arsenal of democracy"mean?

FDR promised to helpthe UK fight who?

A time when Germany occupied much of Europe andthreatened Britain.

“With malice toward none, with the charity for all...”

ANSWER: Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln● beliefs?March 4, 1865Lincoln's Second Inaugural Speech● asking all good people towork together to unite the country and achieve peace for all.

“It is our policy to stay clear for permanent alliances.”

ANSWER: George Washington

Context:Washington's FarewellAddress, 1796● what does this quotemean?● George Washington'sbeliefs when it came toforeign policies?Did not say US should forever stay away from foreigninvolvement.

“John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it!"

Worcester v. Georgia

<(---- Executive Power

Judicial Power ----)>

What was the problem?

Where else is something similar seen?

John Marshall

"Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable..."

Senator Daniel Webster's (MA) reply to Senator Robert Hayne (SC) in 1830 is regarded as one of the greatest addresses ever delivered in the Senate.credit: Boston Art Commission; "Webster's Reply to Hayne" by George P.A. Healy

Sen. Daniel Webster of Massachusetts v. Robert Hayne of South Carolina

"The most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress!"

Why was South Carolina being a jerk? <(---- That's the crisis

What obvious, constantly on-going conflict does this show?

"Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute."

"Millions for defense, but not one penny for tribute."

The XYZ Affair!

Who is who in this cartoon? (People = Countries)

Any breakouts that this led to?

Who said it?John AdamsCharles Cotesworth PinckneyJohn MarshallElbridge GerryTalleyrandJohn Bull

Rep. Goodloe Harper

“My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union.”

" My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union. I shall do less whenever I shall believe what I am doing hurts the cause, and I shall do more whenever I shall believe doing more will help the cause. I shall try to correct errors when shown to be errors; and I shall adopt new views so fast as they shall appear to be true views."

A smart move for Lincoln?The Letter's Heading: Executive Mansion,Washington, August 22, 1862.

The Emancipation Proclamation Issued:January 1, 1863

A draft was in his desk as he wrote this letter!

Horace Greeley claims that Lincoln never actually answered his question, but did something else.

"Peace without Victory."

A little before "the war to end all wars..."The idealistic President!Mr. Woodrow Wilson

What did he often strive for?What was his diplomacy?

Step in Wilson's shoes for a moment...

What was his reasoning for wanting "peace without victory?"

This was what he proposed a little before the war...What about after?..............

"Remember the Alamo."

March 2, 1836

Outnumbered? You mean I can attack all sides?

The Epic Battle!

Why was this event so important?

18 Minutes

"Remember the Maine."

"Remember the Maine. To hell with Spain!"

“Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far.”

How was this diplomacy used to gain economic interests?

Actually Taken from an African Proverb.

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?

“The ideals and traditions of our nations demanded that we come to the aid of Greece and Turkey and that we put the world on notice that it would be our policy to support the cause of freedom wherever it was threatened.”

CONTAINMENT!And so...What did President Truman come up with to attempt to "contain" communism?...~What did that certain thing do?...

“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself."

FDR's First Inaugural Address...

Something great happened....

It was depressing...

Why did FDR say this during his inauguration, what exactly does it mean?

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights.” ● Source?● When?● Context?● Significance?

● Elizabeth Cady Stanton. ● 1848. ● The Declaration of Sentiments. ● The quotation sparked the Movement for

Women’s Rights, which succeeded through the ratification of 19th Amendment in 1920.

“The American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintained, are henceforth not to be considered as subject for future colonization by any European powers.”● Source?● When?● Context?● Significance?

● James Monroe/Democratic-Republican/1817-1825.

● 1823. ● The Monroe Doctrine. ● The quotation opposed further European

colonization of and interference with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere.

“And, by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within these said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be free.” ● Source?● When?● Context?● Significance?

● Abraham Lincoln/Republican/1861-1865. ● 1863. ● The Emancipation Proclamation.

● The quotation was given during the third year of the American Civil War in an effort to declare all slaves free in the Confederate States.

“We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union...” ● Source?● When?● Context?● Significance?

● Preamble. ● 1787. ● The United States Constitution.

● The quotation suggests that the new government originates from the people of the United States and it sets into motion a question as it pertains to that vast population concerning the individual rights and equality among all people.

“No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.” ● Source?● When?● Context?● Significance?

● Eleanor Roosevelt. ● 1937. ● This is My Story.

● The quotation explains that in order for others to view you as inferior, you must also have the feeling that you are inferior.

“Surplus wealth is a sacred trust which its possessor is bound to administer in his lifetime for the good of the community.” ● Source?● When?● Context?● Significance?

● Andrew Carnegie. ● 1889. ● The Best Fields for Philanthropy.

● The quote implies that saving grand wealth forever is dishonorable and should be donated to the system that made him rich.

“The advance of the frontier has meant a steady movement away from the influence of Europe, a steady growth of independence on American lines. And to study this advance...is to study the really American part of our history.”● Source?● When?● Context?● Significance?

● Frederick Jackson Turner. ● 1893. ● The Significance of the Frontier in American

History. ● The quotation explained that the frontier

promoted the formation of a composite nationality for the American people.

“What hath God wrought!”● Source?● When?● Context?● Significance?

● Samuel Morse. ● 1844. ● Telegraph.

● The quotation, "What hath God wrought?" sent by "Morse Code" from the old Supreme Court chamber in the United States Capitol to Morse's partner in Baltimore, officially opened the completed line.

“Government is not the solution to our problem. Government is the problem.”● Source?● When?● Context?● Significance?

● Ronald Reagan/Republican/1981-1989.

● 1981. ● Inaugural Address. ● The quotation endorsed the laissez

faire economic policy and “small” government.

“Women of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your vacuum cleaner.” ● Source?● When?● Context?● Significance?

● Betty Friedan. ● 1963. ● The Feminine Mystique. ● The quotation argued that there was more to

life for women than the achievements of their husbands and children. It also sparked a second Women’s Rights Movement in the 1960s and 1970s, which succeeded through the advancement of women roles in society.

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