Nanotechnology a brief guide

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Presentation By:Jaspreet Singh

Nano

Technology

&

• Nano means “extremely small”. When quantifiable it translate to one-billionth , as in the nanometer(10⁻⁹m).

• Technology is the making, usage,and knowledge oftools, machinesand techniques,in order to solvea problem orperform a specific function.

What is Nanotechnology ?

• Nanotechnology is the study of the controlling of the matter.

• It involves developingmaterials, devices orother structurespossessing at leastone dimensionwithin that size.

• Nanotechnology deals with structures sized between 1 to 100 nanometers.

History

• The first ever concept was presented in 1959 by the famous professor of physicsDr. Richard P.Feynman.

• Invention of the scanningtunneling microscope in 1981 andthe discovery of fullerene(C60) in1985 lead to the emergence of nanotechnology.

 • The term “Nano-technology" had been

coined by Norio Taniguchi in 1974.

• The early 2000s also saw the beginnings of commercial applications of nanotechnology, although these were limited to bulk application of nanomaterials.

• Silver nano platform for using silver-nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent , nanoparticle-based transparent sunscreens, and carbon nanotubes for stain-resistant textiles.

What can Nanotechnology Do ?

• It helps to clean the environment.

• Nanotechnology has thepotential to increase theefficiency of energyconsumption.

• Nanotechnology will solves major health problems.

• Nanotechnology will be smaller, cheaper lighter yet more functional.

• It requires less energyand fewer raw materialsto manufacture.

• It will reduce the costof medicines, electronicsparts, spacecraft partsetc.

Manufacturing techniques of Nanomaterial

1. Bottom up:

In the bottom up approach different materials and devices are constructed from molecular components of their own. They chemically assemble themselves by recognizing the molecules of their own breed.

• Examples of molecular self assembly are  Watson crick base pairing , nano-lithoghraphy.

2. Top down:

• In top down approach nano objects andmaterials are created by larger entitieswithout bouncing its atomic reactionsusually top down approach is practicedless as compared to the bottom upapproach.

• Solid-state techniques can also be used to create devices known as nanoelectromechanical systems or NEMS, which are related to microelctromechanical systems or MEMS.

•Mechanisms and structures are miniaturized to nanometric scale.

Fullerene Family

• Fullerene are a family of carbon allotropes named after Buckminster Fuller.

• They are molecules composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube.

• Spherical fullerenes are called buckyballs.

• Cylindrical fullerenes are calledbuckytubes.

• Recently discovered is the"buckyegg", by researchers atUC Davis.

Carbon Nanotube

• Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.

• Nanotubes are members ofthe fullerene structural family.

• Their name is derived fromtheir long, hollow structure with the wallsformed by one-atom thick sheets of carbon, called Graphene.

Properties of Carbon Nanotube

• Highest strength to weight ratio, helps in creating light weight spacecrafts.

• Easily penetrate membranes such as cell walls. Helps in cancer treatment.

• Electrical resistance changes significantly when other molecules attach themselves to the carbon atoms. Helps in developing sensors that can detect chemical vapours.

• They have length to diameter ratio upto 132,000,000:1

Some of it’s Applications

• Replacing transistors from the silicon chips as they are small and emits less heat.

• Easton-Bell Sports, Inc. using CNT in making bicycle components.

• Zyvex technologies using CNT for manufacturing of light weight boats.

• In electric cables and wires.

• In solar cells.

• In fabrics

Nanorods(Quantum Dots)

• Nanorods are one morphology ofnanoscale objects.

• They may be synthesized from metalsor semiconducting materials.

• A combinations of ligands act as shape control agents and bond to different facets of the nanorod with different strengths. This allows different faces of the nanorod to grow at different rates, producing an elongated object.

• It’s dimensions range from 1-100 nm.

Uses of Nanorods

• In display technologies,because the reflectivityof the rods can bechanged by changingtheir orientation withan applied electric field.

• It is used in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS).

• In cancer therapeutics.

Nanobots

• A nanobot is a microscopic robot built with nanotechnology.

• Nanobots are selfpropelled machines,It also has some degree of autonomy and can reproduce.

• Capable of replicationusing environmentalresources.

• Since nanobots would be microscopic in size, it would probably be necessary for very large numbers of them to work together to perform microscopic and macroscopic tasks.

Applications of Nanobots

• Nanobots is used to go inside the body and make a bionic eye, fix broken leg, blood clot.

• Nanobots will allow us to live longer than normal like 50 years.

• Nanobots are used in the detection of toxic components in environment.

• Nanobots are used in cancertreatment.

Applications of Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology in Mobiles

• Morph a nanotechnology concept device developed by Nokia Research Centre(NRC) and the University of Cambridge(UK).

• The Morph will be superhydrophobic making itextremely dirt repellent.

• It will be able to chargeitself from available lightsources using photovoltaic nanowire grass covering it’s surface.

• Nanoscale electronics also allow stretching. Nokia envisage that a nanoscale mesh of fibres will allow our mobile devices to be bent, stretched and folded into any number of conceivable shapes.

Nanotechnology in Drugs(Cancer)

• Enable drugs to be delivered to precisely the right location in the body and release drug doses on a predetermined schedule for optimal treatment.

• Attach the drug to ananosized carrier.

• They become localizedat the disease site, i.e. cancer tumor.

• Then they release medicine that kills the tumor.

Nanotechnology in Electronics

• Electrodes made from nanowires enable flat panel displays to be flexible as well as thinner than current flat panel displays.

• The transistors are made of nanowires, that are assembled on glass or thin films of flexible plastic.

• Nanotechnology is used to make E-papers.

• It will also be used to make displays on sunglasses and map on car windshields.

Nanotechnology in Fabrics

• Manufacturers who are adding nano-sized components to conventional materials to improve fabric performance.

• They are making water and stain repellent clothing using nano-sized whiskers in the fabric that cause water to bead up on the surface.

• In manufacturing bulletproof jackets.

• Making spill & dirt resistant, antimicrobial, antibacterial fabrics.

Nanotechnology in Computers

• The silicon transistors in computers may be replaced by transistors based on carbon nanotubes.

• Nanorods is a upcoming technology in the displays techniques due to less consumption of electricity and less heat emission.

• Size of the microprocessors are reduced to greater extend.

• When a perpendicular nanowire is laid over a group of parallel wires, at each intersection a device called a memristor is formed.

• A memristor can be

used as asingle-componentmemory cell in anintegrated circuit.

• Magnetic nanowires made of an alloy of iron and nickel are being used to create dense memory devices.

Advantages of Carbon Nanotubes in Computers

and Electronics

• Faster and smaller carbon nanotubes can be used to produce smaller and faster components.

• This will also result incomputers thatconsume less energy.

• High speed and high capacity memory.

• Allows circuits to be more accurate on the atomic level.

Other uses of Nanotechnology

• Cutting tools made of nanocrystalline materials, such as tungsten carbide, tantalum carbide and titanium carbide, are more wear and erosion-resistant, and last longer than their conventional counterparts.

• Silver nanocrystals have been embedded in bandages to kill bacteria and prevent infection.

• Aerogels lightest known solid due to good insulating properties is used in space suits and are proposed to use in space craft.

• It will be used to make environmental sensors, touch sensors, flexible solar cells, stretchableelectrodes, foldable displays etc.

Nanotechnology in India

• IIT Mumbai is the premier organization in the field of nanotechnology.

• Starting in 2001 the Government of India launched the Nano Science and Technology Initiative (NSTI).

• Research in the field of health,environment,medicines arestill on.

• The main objectives of Nano Mission in India are:

Basic research promotion,

Infrastructure development for carrying out front-ranking research,

Development of nano technologies and their applications,

Human resource development and

International collaborations.

Future of Nanotechnology

• Nanotechnology will be used to manufacture lighter and stronger materials.

• It will also be used tomake programmablematerials.

• These materials require less energy to produce than conventional material.

• Which will provide greater fuel efficiency in land transportation, aircrafts and space vehicles.

• The future of nanotechnology could very well include the use of nanorobotics.

• These nanorobots have thepotential to take on humantasks.

• There would be an entire nano surgical field to help cureeverything.

• There would be almost nothing that couldn’t be repaired with the introduction of nano surgery.

Disadvantages of Nanotechnology

• Nano-particles can get into the body through the skin, lungs and digestive system, thus creating free radicals that can cause cell damage.

• The most dangerous Nano-application use for military purposes is the Nano-bomb that contain engineered self multiplying deadly viruses that can continue to wipe out everything.

• Once nano-particles are in the bloodstream, they will be able to cross the blood-brain barrier.

• Because of replicating behavior, the Nanobots are the big threat for GRAY GOO.

Glimpse of Future

•Now you see how small nanotech is.

•Nanobot destroying malignant cell.

•Nanobot rebuilding a neuron.

•Future nanometers engine.

•Your clothes will automatically changed according to future.

•Dogs are smart enough so that they chase thieves for miles.

•In future children's don’t have worry to carry their backpacks.

•In future, X-Rays are not required to check the bones.

•Helicopter hats will get you anywhere you want.

•Don’t try to type nasty words because future computer will punish you for that.

•In future cosmetics are much more easier to apply.

•Future dolls will keep the room safer from outsiders.

•Weightbots will help you to maintain your diet.

•Four-legged jeans will assure you to sit anywhere.

•Future keyboards are designed in such a way that you get some exercise while you’re online.

•Future robots will save your time to make you exercise while you are in sleep.

• Future cars will automatically stops at the stop signal.

•Smart future caps will automatically cuts your hair and also take care of your face.

•May be someday your clothes will be eatable.

•May be in future Foodzooka will reduce the lunch period time.

•You can program your food such that when you feel hunger it well automatically get cooked.

•Future cars will be able to go anywhere and everywhere.

•In next few years our clothes fabric will be enough strong such that wedgies and wrinkles will be impossible.

•Shirts and fabric will be self-cleaning in future.

•Concept based rubberized skin cream will help you from bully attacks.

Displaymade by

Samsung Inc.

•Display used in this cell phone is flexible.

•Screen used in this display is super AMOLED(Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode).

•In future they also introduced stretchable displays.

Conclusions

• Nanotechnology will give us an abundant energy, it will transform energy more effectively and it also be a future source of energy.

• Due to its small size future computers will me more powerful, faster and smaller in size.

• Nanotechnology covers a lot of domains today, it is infinitely big and will make a lot of inventions come true.

THE END of Powerpoint presentation but future researches in nanotechnology are still going on.BECAUSE THE NEXT BIGTHING IS VERY VERY SMALL

Thank You:For your patience, interest and support.