Natural drugs laxatives

Dr. Yogesh V. UshirM. Pharm (Pharmacognosy), Ph.D.

Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, Chemical Constituents, including tests and

therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs;

LaxativesLaxatives are substances that loosen stools

and increase bowel/intestinal movements. They are used to treat and prevent

constipation. 

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Laxatives Purgatives Cathartics•Mild in action and deal with evacuation of rectum •there is elimination of formed stools.•Mild powerful

•In between the two action it have action•there is elimination of liquid form of stool.•More powerful

•Are severe in action and deal with evacuation of colon. •there is elimination of liquid form of stool•Most powerful

LaxativesLaxatives are also called Aperients

More powerful laxatives are called purgatives. Even more powerful purgatives are called cathartics. 

Natural oral drugs are, senna, aloe, rhubarb, Isapgol and castor oil

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Senna •Syn.- Indian Senna, Tinneyvelly senna, Sennae folium

•Bio. Source- it consist of dried leaflets of Cassia angustifolia

Allied drug is Cassia acutifolia (European senna/Alexandrian Senna)

•Family- Leguminosae

•Geo. Source- Indian Senna- cultivated in Tinneyvelly, Madurai and Ramnathpuram district of Tamilnadu. Also cultivated in A.P., Maharashtra and GujaratEuropean senna-exported to Europe through Alexandria sea port (Egypt). Cultivated in Africa, Sudan

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Senna (Continue…)Cultivation and collection

Done by sowing the seeds, by broadcasting or dibbling method

quick germination did by pounding seed with coarse sand in mortar so that tough seed coat remove.

Cultivation did in twice a year MAR/APR and NOV/DEC.

Irrigated land preferred, red and black soil.Harvested by cutting plant, just above the ground and

dried.Preparation for market

Leaves spread under shed, Leaves loose 5—6- % weight on drying

Leaves are tossed to separate fruits and branches Packed in the bales prepared by using hydraulic press

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Senna (Continue…)

Morphology-Characteristic

DescriptionIndian Senna European senna

Color Yellowish-green Pale greyOdor Slight Slight Taste Mucilagenous, bitter an

characteristicMucilagenous, bitter and characteristic

Size 7-8 mm width and 25-60 mm length

7-12 mm width and 20-40 mm length

Shape Lanceolate Ovate

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Senna (Continue…)

Chemical Constituents-Senna leaves consist anthraquinone glycosides. Sennosides A, Sennoside B, Sennoside C and Sennoside D. it also consist rhein, Aloe-emodin. Plant also shows presence of protein and carbohydrates.

Uses- Laxatives.Chemical test- Borntrager’s testSubstitutes-

Palthe sennaDog sennaBombay senna

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Castor oil•Syn.- Yerand Tail, Oleum ricini

•Bio. Source- fixed oil obtain by cold expression methods from kernels of seeds of Ricinis communis

•Family- Euphorbiacae

•Geo. Source- cultivated in India, Thailand, USA, Brazil, Rummania.In India it is largely grown in AP, Gujarat and Karnataka. India is the second largest country in cultivation and supplying castor oil.

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Castor oil (Continue…)

Preparation- by cold expression method

Morphology-

Physiccal standardsSolubility- in alcohol, chloroform, etherSpecific gravity-0.945 to 0.965Optical rotation-NLT +3.5 21.10.201512

Characteristic DescriptionColor Colorless or Pale yellow Odor NauxiousTaste Blant then acid finally

nauxiousThickness Viscous

Caster oil (Continue…)

Chemical Constituents-consists of triglycerides of ricinoleic acid other glycerides are stearic acid, isostearic acid, linoleic acid.

Uses- Purgative and catharticLubricant Textile industryIn the preparation of paints, grease, polishes,

printing ink, hydraulic breaks spiritAbortificientEmollient Cosmetics in lipstickBactericide 21.10.201513

• Syn.- Indian Senna, Tinneyvelly senna, Sennae folium

• Bio. Source- it consist of dried leaflets of Cassia angustifolia

Allied drug is Cassia acutifolia (European senna/Alexandrian Senna)

• Family- Leguminosae

• Geo. Source- Indian Senna- cultivated in Tinneyvelly, Madurai and Ramnathpuram district of Tamilnadu. Also cultivated in A.P., Maharashtra and Gujarat

European senna-exported to Europe through Alexandria sea port (Egypt). Cultivated in Africa, Sudan

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Thank You……

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