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Nazi Germany (1933 – 1945)
Nazi Germany
Control of the State Opposition Propaganda Policy towards the religion Policy towards the youth Policy towards the women
Control of the State
Nazis used different organizations and structures to control the people:
SS Gestapo Police and courts Concentration camps
The SS
The SS was a group of loyal to Hitler They were trained and equipped to impose the
Nazi aims by the force Once the Nazis took over the power, they were
in charge of controlling the society
There were different subdivisions among the SS:
Waffen SS: Army Death´s Head: Persecution of the Jews
Gestapo
Secret police They were in charge of arresting
citizens and send them to concentration camps
They had a network of informers (psychological effect in the population)
Concentration camps
Concentration camps were established in 1933
Those who opposed the Nazis were sent to concentration camps, but also gypsies, Jews or homosexuals.
The prisoners were forced to work if they want to eat
The control of the police
Nazis controlled the members of the police, judges and the courts
Generally, they simply give the high rank positions to a member of the party as a way to establish control
They were forced to swear loyalty to the Nazi principles
Nazi administration
Nazis had ways of control the society, although the organization was a little bit chaotic
The only way to pass a law was a signature of the Fuhrer
So, laws were dependent on Hitler´s wills and behavior
Hitler´s schedule
Wake up: 11 AM Breakfast and reading of newspapers: 11 – 12 AM Work: 12 – 2 PM Lunch: 2 – 4 PM Exercise: 4 – 4:30 P.M Take a nap: 4:30 – 5 PM Work: 5 – 9 PM Dinner: 9 – 10 PM Leisure time: 10 – 2 AM
The opposition to the Nazis
Germans were scared to show the opposition to the Nazis in public for obvious reasons
But, many Germans supported German policies. Why?
The population did not care about liberties, because: The economy was improving Nazis were fighting against Communism Germany recovered a prestigious position in the international relations
Poem
First they came for the Socialists, and I did not speak out—Because I was not a Socialist.
Then they came for the Trade Unionists, and I did not speak out— Because I was not a Trade Unionist.
Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out— Because I was not a Jew.
Then they came for me—and there was no one left to speak for me. Martin Niemoller
“Als die Nazis die Kommunisten holten,habe ich geschwiegen;ich war ja kein Kommunist.
Als sie die Sozialdemokraten einsperrten,habe ich geschwiegen;ich war ja kein Sozialdemokrat.
Als sie die Gewerkschafter holten,habe ich nicht protestiert;ich war ja kein Gewerkschafter.
Als sie die Juden holten,habe ich geschwiegen;ich war ja kein Jude.
Als sie mich holten,gab es keinen mehr, der protestierte.”
Questions
What is Niemoller saying? Can you think of a way that this statement applies to anything in the world
today or in other historical contexts? Why didn't the author "speak up" as he says for the Communists, Jews, trade
unionists and Catholics? If he had "spoken up", what would have happened? How can you apply this to your own personal life experiences in school, home,
the community and other areas?
The opposition to the Nazis
Traumatic experience during the Depression
People just want to keep the job they got, not get in trouble
Extensive use of propaganda to portray a positive image of Hitler and the Nazis
The use of propaganda in the Nazi regime Goebbels: Minister of
Propaganda He organized certain events to
create a feeling in favor of the Nazi regime:
Nuremberg Rallies Olympics Extensive control of the media
Nuremberg Rallies
Olympics (1936)
Olympics
The control of the media
Mein Kampf was a best-seller in Germany during the Nazi period
Organization of burning-book gatherings
Strict censorship in the newspapers, books, but also music (jazz was forbidden)
The control of the media
Goebbels loved new technologies:
Use of posters to show Nazi ideas
Cheap radios available for listening just German channels (listen the BBC was punished with death penalty) and speakers in the streets
* Describe what you can see
* Who do you think each poster is aimed at?
* What is the message behind the poster? Why was it produced?
What can you learn from these sources about Nazi methods
of propaganda?
Look at the poster carefully.What is the purpose?
The Nazi flag to appeal to peoples patriotism and sense of loyalty.
This youth is obviously happy to join the organisation. She is
enjoying herself.
Military uniform. A sense of belonging to an important
organisation. Pride.
What I can seeKey
Question:
What does this poster
tell us about:
*Nazi beliefs
regarding the family and family
life
* Nazi attitudes regarding the role of women?
The Eagle (The State) protecting the family
The father above the
family
The mother caring for the baby – scarf on her head representing
domestic work
Happy, healthy children
What I can see
Key Question:
What does this film
poster tell us about Nazi attitudes
towards the Jews?
What is the purpose of this poster?
Physical featuresMap of German
yHandful
of money
A knotted
whip
Title in Bold
Communist
Symbol
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