View
204
Download
2
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Northern and Central
Luzon: Its Physical &
Cultural Characteristics
Cordillera Administrative Region
Bordered by the Ilocos Region in the west and southwest, and by the Cagayan Valley on the north, east, and southeast.
Region’s name originate from the Spanish term meaning a chain of mountain.
La Montanosa, the original name of the region
Provinces and It’s Capital
Kabugao
BanguedTabuk City
Bontoc
LagaweLa Trinidad
Cities:2
Tabuk CityBaguio CityRegional
Center
Municipalities: 75
Barangays:1, 176
Land Area: 18, 406.6 sq. km.
Population
1, 776, 093 (2012)
The least populous region in the Philippines
Languages
The Cordillera region is the most diversified ethno-linguistic region in the Philippines with its major languages having sub-dialect variations.
Ilokano KankanaeyItneg KalanguyaIsneg TagalogIbaloi KalingaIfugao
ReligionRoman Catholics 65.75%
Evangelicals 8.85%
United Church of Christ in the Philippines 2.86%
Other religious affiliations 22.31%
Type A. Two pronounced seasons: dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year.
Type B. No dry season with a pronounced rainfall from November to January.
Climate
Type C. Seasons are not very pronounced, relatively dry from November to April, and wet during the rest of the year.
Type D. Rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year.
1. Agriculture Benguet, as the
“Salad Bowl of the Philippines” is the leading producer of Baguio beans, lettuce, cauliflower, cabbage, and variety of cut flowers.
Major Industries
2. Mining Benguet is top gold
producer of the Philippines.
There are 4 large mining facilities operating in the province: Philex, Benguet, Itogon & Lepanto
Other income-generating industries includes:
Food ProcessingFloricultureCloth WeavingHuntingForestryPoultry RaisingLivestock ProductionTourism
Mineral Resources:GoldSilverCopperPyriteLimestoneClayGuanoRock Phosphate
Ethnic GroupsEthnic
Groups
The collective name of several Austronesian ethnic groups who inhabited the mountains of Luzon.
Highland people/ Mountain people
Etymology: Derived from the archaic Tagalog term i-"dweller of" and golot, "mountain range"
Igorot, or Cordillerans
Speaks the Bontoc languagePracticed head-hunting
Bontocs (Mountain Province)
Bontocs perform a circular rhythmic dance acting out certain aspects of the hunt, always accompanied by the gang′-sa or bronze gong. It was a serious but pleasurable event for all concerned.
Had distinctive body tattoos-chak-lag′, the tattooed chest of the head taker; pong′-o, the tattooed arms of men and women; and fa′-tĕk, for all other tattoos of both sexes.
Ibaloi and Kalanguya (Benguet)
They were traditionally an agrarian society.
Both language belong to the Malayo-Polynesian family and is closely related to the Pangasinan language.
The largest feast of the Ibaloi is the Pesshet, a public feast mainly sponsored by people of prestige and wealth. Pesshet can last for weeks and involves the killing and sacrifice of dozens of animals.
One of the more popular dances of the Ibaloi is the Bendian Dance, participated in by hundreds of male and female dancers.
Ifugao/ Amganad/ Kiangan
Etymology: Derived from ipugo – “earth people”, “mortals”, as distinguished from spirits and deities. It also means "from the hill", as pugo means hill.
The Ifugaos build their typical houses at the edge of their fields.
As distinctive aspect of these house post just below the floor beams to keep rats from climbing into the house.
The Ifugaos’ highest prestige feasts are the hagabi, for the elite; and the uyauy, a feast for those immediately below the wealthiest.
Isnag (Apayao)Etymology: Derives from
a combination of is meaning “recede” and unag meaning “interior.” Thus, it means “people who live inland.”
Described as of slender and graceful stature, kind, hospitable, and generous, has self-reliance and courage.
Isneg composed of the sub-groups known as the Ymandaya and Imallod.
Speaks the Isneg language.
The Tinguian are found in Abra and has extended as far as Ilocos Sur.
They are distinct from the Igorot tribe, although intermarriage between the two groups has become common.
The Itneg are classified as a "pagan" tribe.
Tinguian/ Itneg
The men are famous for their large hats and for their use of blowguns (made from bamboo) in hunting deer, pigs, birds and wild carabao. They've also subsisted on chickens and fish.
Kalinga/ Limos-Liwan Kalinga
Division: Southern and Northern groups
Considered the most heavily-ornamented people
Practices both wet and dry rice farming.
Developed an institution of peace pacts, Bodong which has minimised traditional warfare and headhunting
Kalinga society is very kinship-oriented
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------* Disputes are usually settled by the regional leaders, who listen to all sides and then impose fines on the guilty party.
Kankanaey built sloping terraces.
Kankanaey (Mountainn
Province/ Benguet)
* To maximize farm space in the rugged terrain of the Cordilleras.
* Two famous institutions of the Kankanaey are the men's dormitory (dap-ay) and the girls' dormitory (ebgan)
Kankanaey houses are built like the other Igorot houses.
Kankanaey's major dances include :
o Tayaw - community dance that is usually done in weddings
o Pattingo Takik (a wedding dance), and o Pattong/ Balangbango Sakkuting,o Pinanyuan - another wedding danceo Bogi-bogi - courtship dance
Region 1 / Ilocos Region
Located in the northwest of Luzon, bordering to the Cordilleran Region and Cagayan Valley and to the south the region of Central Luzon. To the northwest is the South China Sea.
Provinces and It’s Capital
Laoag
San Fernando
Vigan
Lingayen
Cities:9
Laoag
Batac
Urdaneta
Dagupan
San Carlos
Vigan
Candon
San Fernando
Alaminos
Municipalities: 116
Barangays:3, 265
Land Area: 12, 840.2 sq. km.
Population
5, 283, 469 (2012) 7th most populated
region in the Philippines
Pangasinan, 3rd most populated province in the country
Major Dialects
Ilocano speakers compose 66% of the region, Pangasinan speakers are 27%, and Tagalog compose 3%.
Religion
Majority of the population is Roman Catholic.
Other religions present in the region are Aglipayan, Iglesia ni Cristo and Mormons.
Climate
Type A. Two pronounced seasons: dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year.
Type C. Seasons are not very pronounced, relatively dry from November to April, and wet during the rest of the year.
Major Industries
The major industries in the region include:
Crop production FishingMining ManufacturingTourism
The Ilocos Region is a prime agricultural land. Tobacco and mangoes are the major export products
Agro-industrial businesses, like milkfish (bangus) cultivation and processing
Livestock raising such as pigs, chicken, goats and carabaos (water buffalos)
Mineral Resources
Limestone for cementFeldspar for ceramics CopperGoldChromiteIronManganeseSilica
Transportation & Communication
The Ilocos Region is a well developed region. It has access to electricity and telecommunications. It has an international airport which caters international flights from Hongkong, Guangzhou and Taiwan as well as domestic flights.
Ethnic
Groups
Ilokano
Etymology: i – “FROM” and looc– “BAY” ;
Samtoy- "saomi ditoy
o Settlement: Ilocandia/ Ilocos
Regiono Language: Ilokoo Food: Bagoong,
Pinakbet, Abuos,Jumping Salad
o Literature: Biag ni Lam-ang
PangasinenseThe ninth largest
Filipino ethnic group Etymology: "land of
salt" or "place of salt-making"; it is derived from asin, the word for "salt" in the Pangasinan language.
Region 2 / Cagayan Valley
Bounded to the west by the Cordilleran Range, to the east by the Sierra Madre and to the north by the Luzon Strait
Provinces and It’s Capital
Basco
Ilagan
Cabarroguis
Tuguegarao
Bayombong
Cities: 4
Tuguegarao
Ilagan
Cauayan
Santiago
Municipalities:90
Barangays:2, 311
Land Area: 26, 837.7 sq. km.
Population
3, 395, 526 (2012) 14th most
populated region in the Philippines
Languages
Languages in the province are Ybanag, Ytawit, Malaweg, and Ilocano.
Other ethnic groups that migrated to the province speak their own dialects.
People in places where literacy is high speak and understand English and Pilipino.
ReligionRoman Catholics 76.15 %
Evangelicals 4.24 %
Aglipayans 3.66 %
Other religious affiliations 15.65 %
Climate
Type A. Two pronounced seasons: dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year.
Type B. No dry season with a pronounced rainfall from November to January.
Type C. Seasons are not very pronounced, relatively dry from November to April, and wet during the rest of the year.
Type D. Rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year.
Major Industries
Industries in the region includes:
AgricultureFishing ForestryTourism
Cagayan Valley contributed 1.80% to the country's Gross Domestic Product. GRDP grew by 6.61%. Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishing sector accounted for 38.38% of the regional economy. It posted an increase of 0.10%.
-(Country STAT Philippines, 2013)
Tilapia production grew and Cagayan Valley is now the Philippines’ tilapia capital. The recent aquaculture congress found that the growth of tilapia production was due to government interventions.
-(BFAR, 2008)
SM Prime opened its first SM Supermall in the region, the SM City Cauayan.
Robinsons Land opened their first mall in the region in Santiago City and in Cauayan City.
THUS, …Isabela was the Top 10 Richest Province in the Philippines in 2011, being the only province of Northern Luzon to be included in the list.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
o Isabela – P1,296,002,000. Sources of income
include tax revenue, internal revenue allotment and
general accounts.
Mineral Resources The Cagayan Valley is endowed with rich mineral
resources that has generally remained untapped.Iron CoalClay Natural GasPebbles, BasaltManganese Sulfur DioritePerlite SilicaCopper NickelGypsum GemstoneSand and Gravel ChertLimestone GoldGuano LeadSilver
Ethnic
Groups
Ibanags / Ybanag / Ibanak
Etymology: I-which means “THE" and Bannag-meaning “RIVER”.
Settlement: Cagayan, Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya.
Language: Ibanaglanguage
Gaddang
Etymology: Gameaning “HEAT“; dang meaning “BURNED”
Division: Christianized Highlanders
Settlements: (Kalinga, Apayao, Isabela, Cagayan)
Leadership: Bravery, skills, knowledge of customary law, and wealth.
A Great Warrior
Peace pacts (pudon) are practiced as kolak trading partnerships.
Religion: Dichotomy betwenearth world and afterworld.
Rituals are led by both male and female. The male prestige feast occurs once in a lifetime; wealth must be accumulated beforehand to finance the seven elaborate rituals.
Ivatanso Settlement: Bataneso Physical Attributes: “short,
squat people; hazel eyes;low foreheads; thick eyebrows; short low noses; white teeth; black thick hair; and very dark, copper-colored skin.“ Strong mixture of short type of Mongols and Ainus of Japan”(William Dampier, 1687)
Region 3 / Central LuzonBordering it are the
regions of Ilocos, Cordillera and Cagayan Valley to the north; NCR and CALABARZON to the south; South China Sea to the west; and the Philippine Sea to the east
Provinces and Its Capital
Baler
Palayan
Malolos
Tarlac
Iba
Balanga
San Fernando
Balanga
San Jose del Monte
Malolos Meycuayan
San Jose
Palayan
Cabanatuan
Gapan
Munoz
Tarlac
AngelesSan Fernando
Olongapo
Mabalacat
Cities:14
10, 251, 698 (2012) 3rd most populated region in the
Philippines Bulacan, 4th most populated
province Pampanga, 9th most populated
province Nueva Ecija, 14th most
populated province
Population
Municipalities:117
Barangays:3, 102
Land Area: 22, 014 sq. km.
Languages
The Central Luzon languages are:
Kapampangan Sambalic languages Sinauna/ DumagatTagalogIlokano
Religion
Roman Catholics 86.09 %
Iglesia ni Cristo 4.39 %
Aglipayan 1.94 %
Other religious affiliations 7.25%
Climate
Type A. Two pronounced seasons: dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year.
Type C. Seasons are not very pronounced, relatively dry from November to April, and wet during the rest of the year.
Type D. Rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year.
Major Industries
Major industries include:AgricultureIndustrialFishingMiningTourism
Region’s total land area is devoted to agricultural purposes with rice as the major crop. It produces one third of the country’s rice supply.
o Other crops of the region are corn, banana, fruits and vegetables.
The region contains the largest plain in the country. It is known as the “Rice Bowl of the Philippines” because it produces most of the country’s rice supply.
It has rich marine resources and accounts for the third largest aquaculture production in the Philippines.
Central Luzon is a major trading center of the country. The two former U.S. bases, the Clark Air Force Base in Pampanga and Subic Naval Base in Zambales, are now special economic zones.
Export Winners:
ElectronicsGarments and TextilesFootwearGift, Toys and HousewareFurnitureFresh and Processed Foods/BeveragesCeramicsFashion AccessoriesLeathergoods
The region has emerged as an alternative area for investment. The region has managed to overcome the effects of the Mount Pinatubo eruption in 1991 and is now considered as one of the highly developed regions of the Philippines.
Mineral Resources
Central Luzon is rich in timber and mineral resources. Both metallic and non metallic resources are found in the region like:
CopperChromites GoldMarble
Central Luzon is the only region in the Philippines that is accessible through three international airports.
Transportation
The Three International Airports
Ethnic
Groups
Kapampangans
Sixth largest ethnic group
Etymology: Pampang which means “RIVER BANK”
Settlements: Pampanga
As an Austronesian people, many Pampangans also have Chinese and Japanese ancestry. There are also trace evidence of intermarriages with other Philippine ethnic groups.
Sambals
Etymology: Malay word sembah-“to worship”
Settlement: Zambales
Speaks Sambalic languages, most closely related to Kapampagan
Traditional dress, consists of a single-shoulder short-sleeved shirt, paired with short trousers. Usually worn at the chest and shoulder areas of the shirt are badges.
The culture and customs of the Sambal are different from that of other groups.
Punishment- to bore a hole at the top of the skull and then scrape out the brains.
The Sambal were known to be fierce warriors, notorious for their bloody raids on Christian settlements.
Land & River
Systems
Major Lowland Plains
oCagayan Valley
o Central Luzon Plain
- Widest plain
and considered the
“Rice Granary of the
Country”
Mountain Ranges
Highest elevation: Mount Anacuao (Aurora) 6,069 ft. (1,850 m)
Mount Cetaceo (Cagayan)
Mount Guiwan (Nueva Vizcaya) 6,283 ft. (1,915 m)
o Sierra Madre – Known as the Pacific Coast
Range; the longest continuous mountain
range in the country
o Caraballo
Mountain
Range
- Located
between
Cordillera
Central
and Sierra
Madre
Highest Point: Cagua Volcano (1,133 m)
A stratovolcano located in
Cagayan; one of the active
volcanoes and has erupted twice.
Its last eruption was in 1907.
o Cordillera
Central
- Known as
the Gran
Cordillera
Range;
Highest
mountain
range
Highest Point: Mt. Pulag (2, 922 m)
3rd highest mountain in the
Philippines
o Zambales Range
Highest elevation: Mount Tapulao,
also known as High Peak 2,037 m
(6,683 ft.)
Active Volcanoes
o Babuyan Claro/
Mount
Pangasun(Cagayan)
- 1, 080 m
o Cagua (Cagayan)
1, 133 m
o Camuguin de
Babuyanes
(Cagayan)
712 m
oDidicas (Cagayan)
244 m
o Iraya (Bataan)
1, 009 m
o Pinatubo – 1, 486 m
oSmith ( Cagayan)
688 m
Highest Peaks
oMt. Pulag
oMt. Tabayoc
- 2, 842 m
oMt.
Singakalsa
- 2717 m
oMt. Amuyao
-2702 m
oMount Kapiligan (Ifugao)
- 2,709 m
RiversoCagayan
River
oPampanga
River
oAgno
River
oAbra
River
River BasinsThe country is an archipelago endowed
with 421 principal river basins. Of these,
18 are considered major river basins
with a drainage area greater than 1, 400
sq. km. 5 of it are found in Northern and
Central Luzon.
o Abra River
o Abulog River
o Agno River
o Cagayan River
o Pampanga River
Lakeso Paoay
Lake
(Ilocos
Norte)
o Pantabangan
Lake (Nueva
Ecija)
oLooc Lake
(Zambales)
Other Lakes:o Loloog Lake (Pangasinan)o Pacao Lake (Pangasinan)o Cabalangan Lake (Cagayan)o Paltan Lake (Nueva Ecija)o Camaring Lake (Tarlac)o Ladinoan Lake (Tarlac)
WaterfallsoCamaya
Falls
(Bataan)
oKaytitinga
Falls
(Bulacan)
Recommended