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OER can help English teachers share and develop content to meet the needs of students and trainee teachers.
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OER for ELTShared Knowledge
Fair Use
Laura Sagert, CIDE laura.sagert@cide.edu
CC-BY 3.0
What are OER?
UNESCO, 2002Paris Declaration, 2012…teaching, learning and research materials in any medium, digital or otherwise, that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions.
What types of OER exist?Written Texts
Media + other information
TextbooksArticlesBlogsCourse syllabiLecture notesTests . . .
PicturesVideosAudio . . .
Grammar and vocabulary exercises
Corpora (FLAX) . . .“… anyone can legally and freely copy, use, adapt and re-share them” (UNESCO, 2002)
What is meant by FREE?gratis vs. libre
FREE AS IN BEER = GRATISPhoto credit: Jacob Fenger (Fengergold) (2006). Free beer tap in Bolzano. Flickr. http://www.flickr.com/photos/42934556@N00/245866252/. CC-BY 2.0.
FREE AS IN FREEDOM = LIBRE
Photo credit: Oddsock (2006). Rainbow Freedom 1. Flickr. http://www.flickr.com/photos/28648431@N00/255199017 CC-BY 2.0
Understanding “openness” in education
Video credit:
Nadia Mireles (2012). Open Education Matters: Why is it important to share content? CC BY 3.0
http://youtu.be/dTNnxPcY49Q
Why does “open” matter? Shared content can be improved upon.
It can reach people who would not normally have access to such information and can be changed so as to be of the most benefit possible to specific audiences.
The costs of use are limitedin the sense that we don’t need to pay license rights for each student.
**Video credit: Nadia Mireles (2012). Open Education Matters: Why is it important to share content? CC BY 3.0http://youtu.be/dTNnxPcY49Q
Freedom to do what?
Legal useRespect
To think about: What are we teaching our students?
A. Use the work of others B. Change the work of othersC. Permit others to use ‘our’work
Show full respect to the intent of the original author(s)
Use: The 4 R’s Framework• Use “as is”• Modify to
suit the needs of specific learners
• Combine with other content
• Share / publish
David Wiley (2009). Defining “Open”. http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/1123re copies CC By 3.0
CREATESHARE
REUSE
REVISE
REMIX
RE-DISTRIBUTE
Respect and Permission:
Copyright and Open Licenses
What do we mean by copyright?Standard Copyright(Berne Convention)
“Open” licenses
Automatic (fomal registration of work not required)
Life of creator + 50years or more; anonymous work, 50 years after publication
Permission from copyright holder (s) is needed to reproduce a work , or segment of a work, in any form.
Fair use?All rights reserved
DeliberateCessation of rights by the
copyright holder(s)PartialComplete Not necessary obtain
permission as long as specifications are respected.
Some rights reserved
From Resource to OER: OPEN LICENCES
a. Retain copyright but grant some permissions (partial cession of rights): copy, modify, publish, distribute, *sell
b. Cede all rightsExamples Creative Commons Licences, Open Government Licenses (UK, Canada), GNU General Public Licence (Copyleft), MIT License, Apache License
Public Domain
How to grant permission or cede rights?One option: Creative Commons Licences
Public domain CC0
Attribution CC BYAttribution, Share Alike CC BY-SAAttribution No Derivatives CC BY-NDAttribution, Non-Commerial Use CC BY-NC
CC BY-NC-SACC BY-NC-ND
Learn more or apply an open license to your work: creativecomments.org
Why Use OER?
• Time • Variety• Access• Learning community• Set an example
Teachers tend to be busy people; we don’t always have time to create resources, especially if we need to start from scratch. Image credit: Urs Steiner (2011)
stoney_steiner_multitaskinghttp://www.flickr.com/photos/62790932
CC BY 2.0
TIME
VARIETY, BREADTH, AND RICHNESS Real knowlege is to know the breadth of one’s ignorance. —Confucious
Photo credit: Karen H. 2010. Fruit. CC BY 2.0http://www.flickr.com/photos/47409110
Photo credit: Ella Novak (2010) Fruit in a Basket. CC BY 2.0 http://www.flickr.com/photos/82547169.
Different Resources
New Ideas
ACCESSOnline at any time
Offline all the time?
Image credit: Mike Licht NotionsCapital.com (2010). Surfing the Web. CC BY 2.0 http://www.flickr.com/photos/9106303@N05
Photo credit: Daniel Lobo / Daquella manera (2004). Escuela rural. CC BY 2.0http://www.flickr.com/photos/daquellamanera/74820634
Communities of practiceComments: Peer review, constructive criticism
Sharing: Learners and content creators; intended and unintended audiences.
Image credits: Nadia Mireles (2012). Open Education matters: Why is it important to share? CC BY 3.0http://youtu.be/dTNnxPcY49Q
Setting an example?A “teacher’s friend”?
How many of the copies that we make for our students are fair and legal?
Photo credit: Dani Luire/ Dani P. L. (2006). Photocopy Monotony 02. CC BY 2.0. http://www.flickr.com/photos/82567897@N00/1439017
Using OERa. Ready-to-use content
(Check the quality!)
b. Bits and pieces to build upon in designing your own course materials
c. Exercises for students (reflect, combine adapt: active learning)
d. Evaluate your own work (benchmark)
Ready to use, or to adapt
Alice Woodward. Gerbil in Chair. Wikimedia.
Student-centred exercises
Pieces to build on, and to help you
reflect on your own workThe instructional design process and the OER life cycle
Source: http://col-oer.weebly.com/module-6---the-oer-life-cycle.html . Last checked 4/03/2104
Finding OERPortals and gatewaysInstitutional repositoriesWeb-search
Institutional Repositories:Universities, Ministries, Foundations. . .
Filtered searches
Sharing OER:Who benefits? (stakeholders)
LearnersCreatorsInstitutionsOther actors / organizations
Leanr more; suggested links: JISC Open Educational Resources Info Kit: Stakeholders and benefitsCommonwealth of Learning: Publications
Challenges of sharing OER Fear: The “risks” of peer comments.
Selection: What to share? How to do so? How to
be sure we have the right to share out work? (Do we “own” our work?)
Format: Ease of access vs. ease of modification
Accesibility: Where can we share content other
can find? Site, blog, repositories?
Motivation: Why bother?
Shared knowledgeFair use
Image credit: Giulia Forsythe,(2012). hy Open Education?: BCcampus #OERforum
@opencontent. CC
BY-NC-SA 3.0 http://www.flickr.com/photos/gforsythe/8100966908/
Links: Exploring OERLearning more about OER
Repositories & search engines
COL Open Educational Reosurces OER (one-day workshop materials)
JISC Open Educational Resources infoKit
Commonwealth of Learning (COL): Publications
UNESCO: OER
Commonwealth ConnectsConnexionsMerlot IIOER Commons
CC Search-Creative Commons
OER Dynamic Search Engine
University Learning = OCW+OER = Free
Sample used in session:Mexico’s Popocatéptl: to flee or not to flee
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