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Project Report for subject Organizational Behaviour based on Two-factor theory and Motivation Certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction, satisfaction leads to motivation. This project has been undertaken to focus on factors for satisfaction, dissatisfaction and motivation based on Dual-Factor Theory amongst employees of company
Citation preview
1
Two-factor theory and Motivation
Project Report for subject Organizational Behavior
At
Directi By
Renzil D’cruz
http://RenzilDe.com
http://about.me/renzilde
http://linkedin.com/in/renzilde
Presented to
D.I. Cabral
2
INDEX
Sr.
No
Topic Page
No.
1. Acknowledgements 3
2. Abstract 4
3. Company Profile 8
4. Objective of study : Two-factor
theory and Motivation
10
5. Methodology 12
6. Questionnaire 13
7. Findings 17
8. Analysis 28
9. Recommendations 30
10. Conclusion 31
11. Bibliography 32
12. Annexure 32
3
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Margaret Rodrigues-D’souza Sr.
Manager - Human Resources at Directi
for allowing me to carry out the much necessary survey
and employee interaction and helping me to with
necessary information.
Along with that, my former manger Mr. Anish Tripathi,
Head of User-Experience Design Group, Media.net
(Directi) for support and encouragement.
Also, I would like to express my thanks to my friends and
former collogue for their help and wishes for successful
completion of this project.
4
Abstract
Objective: Certain factors in the workplace that cause job
satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction,
satisfaction leads to motivation.
This project has been undertaken to focus on factors for
satisfaction, dissatisfaction and motivation based on Dual-
Factor Theory amongst employees of Directi Pvt.ltd.
Actual Study: Based on a questionnaire was designed and a
sample set of 15 employees were selected to be surveyed based
on this questionnaire. A survey web page is mailed to employees
from different departments and based on their response data is
generated.
Findings: The results from the questionnaire were analyzed
statistically and findings presented graphically for easy
reference.
The findings showed that the employees are quite motivated to
work because of the work culture events and activities.
Conclusion: From the observation based on survey, we analysis
that the overall employee engagement and employee motivation
is satisfactory. The company provides best HR policies and
activities to learn and opportunities for advancement in career.
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Introduction
The Two-factor theory (also known as Herzberg's motivation-
hygiene theory and Dual-Factor Theory) states that there are
certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while
a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction
Psychologist, Frederick Herzberg, set out to determine
which work factors (such as wages, job security, or
advancement) made people feel good about their jobs and
which factors made them feel bad about their jobs. He
surveyed workers, analyzed the results, and concluded
that to understand employee satisfaction (or
dissatisfaction), he had to divide work factors into two
categories:
Motivation factors. Those factors that are strong
contributors to job satisfaction
Hygiene factors. Those factors that are not strong
contributors to satisfaction but that must be present to
meet a worker’s expectations and prevent job
dissatisfaction
“Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory” illustrates Herzberg’s
two-factor theory. Note that motivation factors (such as
promotion opportunities) relate to the nature of the work
itself and the way the employee performs it. Hygiene
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factors (such as physical working conditions) relate to the
environment in which it’s performed. (Note, too, the
similarity between Herzberg’s motivation factors and
Maslow’s esteem and self-actualization needs.)
Essentially, hygiene factors are needed to ensure an employee is
not dissatisfied. Motivation factors are needed to motivate an
employee to higher performance. Herzberg also further
classified our actions and how and why we do them, for
example, if you perform a work related action because you have
to then that is classed as movement, but if you perform a work
related action because you want to then that is classed as
motivation.
Unlike Maslow, who offered little data to support his ideas,
Herzberg and others have presented considerable empirical
evidence to confirm the motivation-hygiene theory, although
their work has been criticized on methodological grounds.
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Motivation Conditions
Internal – Suggest that variables within the individual
give rise to motivation and behavior – Example:
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory
Process – Emphasize the nature of the interaction
between the individual and the environment –
Example: Expectancy theory
External – Focus on environmental elements to
explain behavior – Example: Two-factor theory
Motivational Drives
Affiliation motivational drive: They want tolerate
themselves with others in the organization.
Competence motivational drive: They want to
perform high quality work and they want to
improve/develop their skills in the work place.
Power motivational drive: They want to influence
other people and the organization as a whole.
In sort Two-factor theory divides work factors into
motivation factors (those that are strong contributors to
job satisfaction) and hygiene factors (those that, though
not strong contributors to satisfaction, must be present to
prevent job dissatisfaction). To increase satisfaction (and
motivate someone to perform better), managers must
address motivation factors.
8
Company Profile
About Directi
Directi is a global internet company with various diversified
businesses. It has customers in over 200 countries. Its business
units have offices in the United States, China, UAE & India.
Directi was started by Bhavin Turakhia and Divyank Turakhia
in 1998.
Directi (http://www.directi.com) is a 350+ million dollars group
of Businesses, that develop innovative mass-market Web
Products serving millions of Customers worldwide.
25+ Internet Software Products for a Global audience
1,000,000+ Customers and 50,000+ channel partners (growing
at >120% p.a.)
Their products include - domain registration, web hosting,
online advertising, communication and collaboration
applications and instant messaging software.
Directi (http://www.directi.com) is a 350+ million dollars group
of Businesses, that develop innovative mass-market Web
Products serving millions of Customers worldwide.
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VISION
"Everything the BYTE touches is our kingdom"
MISSION
Directi believes in indigenous development. We conceptualize,
develop, sell, and support all our Products. We control all
aspects of our Products and Services. This results in greater
control over quality and better alignment with our vision.
Directi focuses on innovation. We invest in creating high-
margin, growth-intensive intellectual property as opposed to
low-margin, capital-intensive infrastructure projects.
Directi believes in agile processes and process automation.
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Objective of study : Two-factor theory
Motivation is to inspire people to work, individually or in
groups in the ways such as to produce best results. It is the will
to act. It is the willingness to exert high levels of effort towards
organizational goals, conditioned by the efforts and ability to
satisfy some individual need.
Motivation factors. Those factors that are strong
contributors to job satisfaction and Hygiene factors.
Those factors that are not strong contributors to
satisfaction but that must be present to meet a worker’s
expectations and prevent job dissatisfaction.
The survey aims at gauging level of motivation, know the
underlying causes and the general impact on the work place and
work culture. Directi as a company motivating youth and
attracting young generation crowd through flexible company
policies and work environment. Also observe impact of
motivation through external factors such as
Company policy and administration
Supervision
Interpersonal relations
Working conditions
Salary
Status
Security
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Achievement
Achievement recognition
Work itself
Responsibility
Advancement
Growth
Fringe Benefit
12
Methodology
The study sample constituted of 15 respondents.
A well form survey is conducted online through intranet directi
and mail is send to random people from various department they
replied to mail and data is generated
The statistical tools used for analyzing the data collected are bar
diagrams and pie diagrams.
Observation method was followed for internal company
information from company literature on the website and other
published materials.
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Questionnaire
Please check the right selection
A. I am fairly compensated for my position and responsibility
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
B. I felt Directi’s Benefits plans are able to meet my needs
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
C. My Manger has impeccable integrity and extremely honest
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
D. How far you are satisfied with the incentives provided by the organization?
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
E.I am clear about my role assignment and responsibilities
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
F. I am known in dept. because of reorganization of my work
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
G. I am respected as individual
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
14
H. My department functioned decently
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
I. I have good working with team members
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
J. The communication that I receive from top management is timely and accurate
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
K. Effective promotional opportunities in the organization appraisal process and
bonuses
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
L. Fun Fridays and other activities helps you to get motivated
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
M. Performance appraisal activities are helpful to get motivated
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
N. Support from the co-worker is helpful to get motivated Company
recognize and acknowledge your work
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
15
O. Rank the following factors which motivates you the most?
(Rank 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 respectively)
a) Salary increase
b) Promotion
c) Incentives
d) Personality Development Classes
e) Recognition
f) Saturday Activities
P. Do you think that the incentives and other benefits will influence your
performance?
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
Q. Does the management involve you in decision making which are connected to
your department?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Occasionally
d) Mostly
R. Are you satisfied with your pay package?
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
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S. What is your level of satisfaction regarding superior – subordinate relationship?
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
T. I am able to maintain a good work-life balance
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
U. Directi is fun place to work
1. Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree
V. Any further suggestions that you would like to put forward?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Pros…………………………………………………………………………………
Cons…………………………………………………………………………………
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Findings
Employee Ratings A. I am fairly compensated for my position and responsibility
B. I felt Directi’s Benefits plans are able to meet my needs
A
StronglyAgree
Agree
Neutral
B
StronglyAgree
Agree
Neutral
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C. My Manger has impeccable integrity and extremely honest
D. How far you are satisfied with the incentives provided by the organization?
E.I am clear about my role assignment and responsibilities
StronglyAgree
Agree Neutral Disagree StronglyDisagree
0
5
10
C
C
StronglyAgree
Agree Neutral Disagree StronglyDisagree
0
5
10
D
D
0
10
E
E
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F. I am known in dept. because of reorganization of my work
G. I am respected as individual
H. My department functioned decently
StronglyAgree
Agree Neutral Disagree StronglyDisagree
0
5
10
F
F
StronglyAgree
Agree Neutral Disagree StronglyDisagree
0
5
G
G
StronglyAgree
Agree Neutral Disagree StronglyDisagree
0
5
10
H
H
20
I. I have good working with team members
J. The communication that I receive from top management is timely and accurate
K. Effective promotional opportunities in the organization appraisal process and bonuses
StronglyAgree
Agree Neutral Disagree StronglyDisagree
0
5
I
I
StronglyAgree
Agree Neutral Disagree StronglyDisagree
0
5
10
J
J
21
L. Fun Fridays and other activities helps you to get motivated
M. Performance appraisal activities are helpful to get motivated
02468
K
K
L
StronglyAgree
Agree
Neutral
22
N. Support from the co-worker is helpful to get motivated
O. Rank the following factors which motivates you the most?
(Rank 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 respectively)
a) Salary increase
b) Promotion
c) Incentives
d) Personality Development Classes
R
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
StronglyAgree
Agree Neutral Disagree StronglyDisagree
05
10
N
N
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e) Recognition
f) Other Activities
P. Do you think that the incentives and other benefits will influence your performance?
0%20%40%60%80%
100% OtherActivities
Recognition
PersonalityDevelopmentClasses
P
StronglyAgree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
24
Q. Does the management involve you in decision making which are connected to your
department?
R. Are you satisfied with your pay package?
S. What is your level of satisfaction regarding superior – subordinate relationship?
Q
Yes
No
Ocassionally
Mostly
R
StronglyAgree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
25
T. I am able to maintain a good work-life balance
U. Directi is fun place to work
S
Yes
No
Ocassionally
Mostly
T
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
26
V.Responce
“Young, Vibrant company with a growing ambition for the future.”
Pros – The opportunity to learn the many aspects of the Online industry is
unmatched.
Cons – Well settled individuals at junior management and lower levels, makes it
difficult to ascertain growth for a new employee
“An OK place”
Pros – We work on interesting technology. Open Source is encouraged. There is a
lot of freedom to choose what you work on.
Cons – A over-engineering culture. Ad hoc management processes. Occasional
micro-management. An inability to attract experienced lateral hires.
U
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
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Finding
A.From the above trend it can be concluded that the
management is doing enough to make sure employees are kept
involved as well as accountable for their jobs.
Time and again the management communicates the short term
and long term goals to the employees, for them to feel secured
and know what to look forward to in the organization and know
about the opportunities which also help them carve their future
path.
B. From the above trend it was found that both monetary as well
as non monetary benefits are prevalent in the company. The
employees are motivated with the company initiatives and both
monetary as well as non monetary incentives are important to
them.
28
Analysis
From the above findings, we can say that the company shares a
very healthy relationship with its employees and helps them
grow as individuals. Thus, it proves that the employee
expectations are met by the management.
The relevant questionnaire reveals the attitude of employees
towards the management is good and the level of satisfaction
among the employees which is very high.
By the very nature of the industry, employee engagement
activities happen on a large scale. This could be due to the kind
of employees a service industry would usually hire. Employee
engagement activities:
There are several employee engagement activities that are
carried out in order to keep the employees motivated. The
company operates for 5 days a week and alternate Saturdays are
working. On the working Saturday they have various
engagement activities planned.
Whereas I recognize how critical extrinsic motivation is–we all
need to be rewarded fairly for the job that we do-in my
experience the most effective factors relating to employee
motivation are related to intrinsic motivation:
1. Empowerment
2. Growth
29
3. Inclusion
4. Purpose
5. Trust
Accuracy of information is also very necessary in this industry
as the data contains of patient’s medical information. Hence the
employees are reviewed on a continuous basis. The best
performer or the person who exceeds the targets is rewarded too.
Ways to Motivate People
Training
Coaching
Task assignments
Rewards contingent on good performance
Valued rewards availably
30
Recommendations
In My opinion
Attrition rate in this industry is very high because of the
monotonous nature of work which is why the employees
need to be kept involved in activities.
Should Hire some senior employee which will be helpful
for flow of growth
31
Conclusion
My experience in this company
What are the main reasons for people to consider long
careers in this organization? Good work environment, transparency
What are the main reasons because of which employees
leave the organization? Salary constraints, better opportunities.
What does the company do to create a work environment
which ensures employees are more productive and
motivated? Directi encourages employees to be what they are and be
comfortable while working. One of the most motivating factors
is casual wear.
32
Biography
Refer links
http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/NC/B0/B66/057MB66.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-factor_theory
Annexure
User-Experience: field in computer graphics
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