REVIEW 1776-1877

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

July 4July 4thth 1776 1776

““All men are All men are created equal”created equal”

The Declaration of The Declaration of Independence was Independence was

based on based on Enlightenment Enlightenment

ideasideas

Natural rights philosophy…….Natural rights philosophy…….

Significant DocumentsSignificant Documents•Declaration of Independence

(1776) •Articles of Confederation

(1777)

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Article of Confederation Article of Confederation 1782-17891782-1789

Success…… Failure

I will meet I will meet you in Philyyou in Phily

The Continental CongressThe Continental Congress

CONSTITUTION = CONSTITUTION = COMPROMISECOMPROMISE

TAKE 1TAKE 1

Significant DocumentsSignificant Documents•Declaration of Independence

(1776) •Articles of Confederation

(1777) •U.S. Constitution

(1787) •Bill of Rights

(1791)

Articles of Confederation ratified 17811781

Ratification of the Constitution 17881788

““The Critical PeriodThe Critical Period””

17761776

"Earlier today we heard the beginning of the "Earlier today we heard the beginning of the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States,Preamble to the Constitution of the United States, We the peopleWe the people.. It is a very eloquent beginning. ButIt is a very eloquent beginning. But

when that document was completed, on the when that document was completed, on the seventeenth of September in 1787, I was not seventeenth of September in 1787, I was not

included in thatincluded in that We, the people.We, the people. I felt somehow forI felt somehow for many years that George Washington and many years that George Washington and

Alexander Hamilton just left me out by mistake. Alexander Hamilton just left me out by mistake. But through the process of amendment, But through the process of amendment,

interpretation, and court decision I have finally interpretation, and court decision I have finally

been included inbeen included in We, the people.We, the people.

FederalismFederalism

Federalism Federalism CakeCake

Federal Federal Gov’tGov’t

State State Gov’tGov’t

Amendment #10Amendment #10Concurrent Powers

The The Congress Congress makes the makes the

LLawsaws

The The PresidentPresident

EEnforces nforces the lawsthe laws

The The courtscourts

Interpret Interpret the lawsthe laws

LLegislative egislative BranchBranch

Judicial Judicial BranchBranch

EExecutivexecutiveBranchBranch

Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers

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Judicial ReviewJudicial Review

Judicial ReviewJudicial Review

The power of the The power of the Courts to declare Courts to declare

laws laws unconstitutional- unconstitutional- interpret whether interpret whether

the law is the law is “constitutional”“constitutional”

““I walk on untrodden ground…”I walk on untrodden ground…”

Precedent?Precedent?

VIDEO VIDEO REVIEWREVIEW

The The “Unwritten “Unwritten

Constitution”Constitution”

The First Political PartiesThe First Political Parties

Alexander Hamilton Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

FederalistsFederalists vs. Democratic RepublicansDemocratic Republicans

I will establish a I will establish a CabinetCabinet and fill it and fill it will the top minds of the country!will the top minds of the country!

Washington’s CabinetWashington’s Cabinet

The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion

Shay’s RebellionShay’s Rebellion Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion

1786-17871786-1787Massachusetts farmers were upset their property was being seized for failure to pay taxes.

Daniel Shay’s lead angry mob during take over of local arsenal

Volunteer militia force stops rebellion

17941794Western Pennsylvania farmers opposed Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey.

Farmers refused to pay tax and attacked revenue officers

President Washington sends 12,000 troops to stop rebellion

George George Washington’s Washington’s

“Farewell “Farewell Address” Address” influenced influenced American American

foreign policy foreign policy until World until World

War IIWar II

United States 1796-1800United States 1796-1800

LibertyLiberty OrderOrder

Northern votes for Northern votes for AdamsAdams

Southern votes for Southern votes for JeffersonJefferson

““Sectionalism”Sectionalism”

President John President John Adams leader of the Adams leader of the

Federalist PartyFederalist Party

Vice President Thomas Vice President Thomas Jefferson leader of the Jefferson leader of the

Democratic RepublicansDemocratic Republicans

Under the threat of war with France, Under the threat of war with France, Congress in 1798 passed four laws in an Congress in 1798 passed four laws in an

effort to strengthen the Federal effort to strengthen the Federal government. Known collectively as the government. Known collectively as the Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts, the legislation , the legislation sponsored by the Federalists was also sponsored by the Federalists was also

intended to quell any political intended to quell any political opposition from the Republicans, led by opposition from the Republicans, led by

Thomas Jefferson.Thomas Jefferson.

Alien and Sedition Alien and Sedition Acts 1798Acts 1798

American citizenship requirements raised from 5 –

14 years; jail time or fines for anyone expressing

opinions damaging to the government; President could

deport violators

TARGETED:Foreigners (immigrants,

French and British radicals), and members of the

Democratic - Republicans

Jefferson submits Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

arguing states have a right to declare federal legislation

“null and void”

RESULTS:RESULTS:Federal government prosecuted and jailed Republican editors,

publishers, and politicians

Ben Franklin’s grandson thrown in jail.

In 1798 The Federalist party controlled the

Executive and Legislative branches

The Judicial branch had not shown its

true power by 1798, as a result they were unable to declare the

Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional

The Election The Election of 1800of 1800

Introducing Introducing President President

#3……#3……

The Election of 1800The Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr ran on the same ticket and received equal electoral votes.

The House ended up voting on the President

The Real The Real Winner of Winner of the Election the Election of 1800…of 1800…

The United States ExpandsThe United States Expands

Manifest Destiny……Manifest Destiny……

““Our Our Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny is to is to overspread the continent overspread the continent

allotted by Providence for the allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly free development of our yearly

multiplying millions."multiplying millions."  

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase 18031803

President Jefferson loosely interprets his Treaty making powers in the Constitution

to purchase Louisiana Territory from Napolean

LOOSE INTERPRETION OF LOOSE INTERPRETION OF THE CONSTITUION THE CONSTITUION

As President Washington’s Sect. Of Treasury Hamilton

uses the “necessary and proper” clause (elastic) when establishing the first national

bank

Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

As President Jefferson loosely interprets his

treaty making powers to purchase Louisiana from

France for 15 million

Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson

17911791 18031803

WESTWEST

Economic Activities

Sectional Interests?

SOUTHSOUTH

Economic Activities

Sectional Interests?

NORTHNORTH

Economic Activities

Sectional Interests?

The Northern The Northern EconomyEconomy

My invention resulted My invention resulted in the south’s in the south’s

dependence on slave dependence on slave laborlabor

Slavery and the Slavery and the Southern PeopleSouthern People

““The pen is mightier The pen is mightier than the sword”than the sword”

Slavery is not the only Slavery is not the only cause of the Civil War cause of the Civil War

(1860-1865)(1860-1865)

States Rights vs. National States Rights vs. National Rights is the issue the Rights is the issue the Regents exam will testRegents exam will test

Unit IV

The Gathering The Gathering

StormStorm

The many faces of the Abolitionist MovementThe many faces of the Abolitionist Movement

The great The great irony…all irony…all men are men are created created equal”equal”

“I stand before you today a

thief….I stole these limbs, this body, and this

head….”

Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

.. Abolitionist John BrownAbolitionist John Brown

Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my mingle my bloodblood further with the further with the bloodblood of my of my children and with the children and with the bloodblood of millions in this slave of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I say, let it be done.”cruel, and unjust enactments, I say, let it be done.”

Abolitionist John BrownAbolitionist John Brown

Unit IV

1820

18501850

18541854

18571857

18601860

Territorial Expansion

Anti-Anti-SlaverySlavery

MovementMovement

A Clash of InterestsA Clash of Interests

Lincoln and Lincoln and the U.S. the U.S.

ConstitutionConstitution

•Increases size of the army without Increases size of the army without Congressional approvalCongressional approval

•Withdrew 2 million dollars without Withdrew 2 million dollars without authorizationauthorization

•Arrested and jailed anti-Unionists giving no Arrested and jailed anti-Unionists giving no reason for arrest. reason for arrest.

•Censored some anti-Union newspapersCensored some anti-Union newspapers

•Set up military courts to try Confederate Set up military courts to try Confederate sympathizerssympathizers

LINCOLN and THE CONSTITUTIONLINCOLN and THE CONSTITUTION

Southern Economy:Southern Economy: No more slavery, sharecropping

Former Slaves?Former Slaves? Assistance from Freedmen’s Bureau

Physical Destruction?Physical Destruction? Rebuild the South

RECONSTRUCTION 1865-1877RECONSTRUCTION 1865-1877

America has been split apart by three major wars:

1770's the American Revolution1770's the American Revolution

1860’s in the Civil War1860’s in the Civil War

1970's the Vietnam War1970's the Vietnam War

Each war has dramatically changed the generation engaged in battles as well as

the generations that followed.

ReconstructioReconstructionn

Radical Radical RepublicansRepublicans

Andrew JohnsonAndrew Johnson

#1#1

#3#3

#2#2

Goals of the Radical Republicans:Goals of the Radical Republicans:#1 Punish the South#1 Punish the South#2 “Radical Reconstruction”#2 “Radical Reconstruction”– Treat the South as conquered territoriesTreat the South as conquered territories– RevengeRevenge

Radical Radical RepublicansRepublicans

Thaddeus Thaddeus StevensStevens

Opposing Reconstruction PlansOpposing Reconstruction Plans

Stevens and the Radicals

President President JohnsonJohnson

After After ReconstructionReconstruction (1865-1877) ended the (1865-1877) ended the

rights of African rights of African Americans in the South Americans in the South were restricted through were restricted through

Jim CrowJim Crow laws laws

POSITVE POSITVE

Legacy of Reconstruction Legacy of Reconstruction 1865-18771865-1877

NEGATIVENEGATIVE