Skeleton

SENIOR SKELETAL SYSTEM

Janet.J. Nelson RN,CMA

OBJECTIVE• Define and describe Osteology• Explain function of skeletal system• Label and evaluate macro ( & micro)scopic

structure of bone• Identify composition of bone and extracellular

substance• Match bone types and markings to definitions

and examples

Objectives continued

• Differentiate intramembranous and endochondral ossification

• Differentiate interstitual growth and apposition growth of bone and cartilage

• Define types of cartilage with locations• Recognize various types of joints, functions,

structure and examples of each

OSTEOLOGY

• DEFINE:

• WHAT ORGANS ARE STUDIED?

• WHAT TOPICS ARE COVERED?

FUNCTIONS OF BONE

• Support• Protection• Assist with movement• Mineral homeostasis• Site of Blood Cell Production• Storage of Energy

CLASSIFICATION OF BONES

SESAMOID BONE

WORMIAN BONE

Macroscopic Structure of Long Bone

Sharpey’s Fibers

MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF OTHER BONES

• Cancellous interior

• Compact exterior

If Bone is a living tissue. What is/are:

• Cells?Osteoclast, osteoblast and osteocytes

• Fibers? Collagen

• Extracellular MatrixInorganic salts (apatite) and Organic Matrix

Bone Composition

• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/68401/Bone-is-a-composite-of-proteins-such-as-collagen-and

Inorganic Salts and Organic Matrix

Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone

Interstitual Lamellae

Cancellous Bone

Label compact bone

• http://www.wiley.com/college/apcentral/anatomydrill/t06/at0604_1.htm

• Label both Anatomy of bone• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/

0072919329/student_view0/chapter7/labeling_exercises.html#

SULCUS IS ANOTHER NAME FOR “GROVE”

Endochondral Ossification

• http://faculty.massasoit.mass.edu/whanna/201/201_content/topicdir/skeletal/skeletal_media/skeletal_VD/page122/page122.html

• http://wps.aw.com/bc_martini_eap_4/40/10466/2679495.cw/content/index.html

Interstitial Growth

APPOSITIONAL GROWTH

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter6/animation__bone_growth_in_width.html

HYALINE CARTILAGE

• Cells: Chondrocytes• Fibers: Few• Extracellular Matrix:

Abundant and bluish white

• Articular Cartilage, costal cartilage, rings of trachea and bronchi, tip of nose

• WEAKEST CARTILAGE• THE MOST ABUNDANT CARTILAGE

OF OUR BODY

FIBROCARTILAGE• Cells-Chondrocytes• Fibers- Abundant

collagen• Extracellular Matrix-

minimal• Symphysis Pubis,

Intervertebral disc, menisci, few joints and tendons

• STRONGEST CARTILAGE

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

• Cells-Chondrocytes• Fibers- Elastic• Extracellular Matrix-

medium amount• Epiglottis, pinna,

cuneform cartilage of larynx, eustachian tube

• ALLOWS FOR RECOIL

SKULL

CRANIAL BONES

• Cranial Bones=14– Frontal– Parietal– Temporal– Occipital– Sphenoid– Ethmoid– Auditory ossicles

METOPIC SUTURE

SINUSES

FRONTAL BONE

PARIETAL BONE

TEMPORAL

PSUEDOMONAS MASTOIDITIS

THE NEXT DAY…..

OCCIPITAL

EXTERNAL OCCIPITAL PROTUBERANCE

INFERIOR NUCHALLINE

SUPERIOR NUCHALLINE

SPHENOID BONE

ORBIT ANATOMY

INNER SKULL DISSECTION

• https://videos.med.wisc.edu/videos/1270

ETHMOID

NASAL CAVITY

Fontanels

FACIAL BONES

• FACIAL BONES=14– MAXILLARY 2– ZYGOMATIC 2– NASAL 2– MANDIBLE 1– LACRIMAL 2– PALATINE 2– INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE 2– VOMER 1

MAXILLA (singular)MAXILLAE (plural)

CLEFT LIP/PALATE

CLEFT LIP MAY BE UNI OR BILATERAL….WITH OR WITHOUT A CLEFT PALATE.

ALSO IS TRUE OF CLEFT PALATE!

MANDIBLE

At birth In an adult

In childhoodIn old age

TMJ DYSFUNCTION

• http://www.tmjarizona.com/animation/animation.php

ZYGOMATIC BONE

NASAL BONES

LACRIMAL BONES

PALATINE BONE

I. N. C.

VOMER

REVIEW

• USE THE REVIEW SHEETS & MODELS TO PREPARE FOR THE TEST.

AXIAL SKELETON

• THORACIC CAGE• VERTEBRAL COLUMN• HYOID

HYOID BONE

• Why would this bone be mentioned in an autopsy report?

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

• It is flexible• “S” curve• Vertebrae

separated by intervertebral disks

TYPICAL VERTEBRAE• Body• Vertebral Arch

– Pedicles, Laminae– Transverse Processes– Spinous Process– Facets – superior articular and inferior articular

• Intervertebral Foramen• Vertebral Foramen

Typical Vertebrae

Typical Vertebrae

Articular Process and Facet

• Facet Joints (Typical)

• Superior articular facets of one vertebrae with inferior facets of vertebrae above

Cervical Vertebrae are unique• Smallest and lightest• C2-C6 bifurcated spinous process• Vertebral foramens are largest • Transverse Foramens in transverse process• C1 & C2 are “odd ducks”• C7 has longest

Spinous process

C7

• http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/26/257/

The Padaung

Thoracic Vertebrae

• Intermediate in size (enlarging as move inferiorly)

• Body is heart shaped• Spinous process (T1-T10) long and hooked

downward• Have articulating surfaces (facets or

demifacets) for rib articulation

Lumbar Vertebrae

• Largest and strongest• Body is oval shaped• Vertebral foramen is larger than thoracic

and triangular in shape• Spinous process is short, blunt, thick and

projects dorsally

Vertebral Notch

Intervertebral Discs

Sacrum and Coccyx

ALAE

MALE VS FEMALE

Curves

• Primary curves Secondary curves

The end