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Space Architectural:Perspective and Cubism: Realistic and Abstract
Gustav CaillebotteEdward HopperRoberto MattaRobert Birmelin
Pablo PicassoWayne Thiebaud
Glenn Hirsch, Instructor
Linear Perspective
GEOMETRIC OR LINEAR PERSPECTIVE is derived from a theorem in geometry stating that parallel lines converge at infinity
But if your picture doesn’t have objects with parallel lines, then perspective does not apply.
This does not have parallel lines so linear perspective not used
This has parallel lines so perspective is used
Piero Della Francesca
Perspective was first developed by Italian Renaissance artists in the 1400s.
Ancient artists understood perspective:Roman fresco 100 AD
Artists in the Middle Ages lost the technique of perspective:French painting 1200 AD
Botticelli
Renaissance artists rediscovered and perfected perspective:Italian painting 1490
Johannes Vermeer, 1665
Dutch artists perfected perspective further in the 1600s
examples of wonderful paintings using
architecture and perspective
Gustave Caillebotte, French 1848 –1894
(pronounced Kai-bott)
Caillebotte was an Impressionist, although he painted in a much more realistic manner (like Degas). He was noted for his early interest in photography as an art form – cropping and "zooming-in.” A large number of Caillebotte's works also employ a very high vantage point (rooftop views). Caillebotte's art was largely forgotten until the 1950s when he was rediscovered.
Edward Hopper, American 1882 – 1967
Hopper’s paintings are spare and finely calculated renderings which are peaceful and often melancholy.
He was equally proficient as a watercolorist and printmaker.
He ‘rehearsed’ his major paintings with separate sketches and drawings.
thumbnail sketch charcoal drawing
Hopper liked to plan his paintings by doing drawings first.
thumbnail sketch charcoal drawing
thumbnail sketches
thumbnail sketches:
watercolor as well as pen.
Example of Hopper’s later work in the 1950s and 1960s
More abstract …
Robert Birmelin, American 1930 –
pronounced BURR-meh-lin
Birmelin’s street scenes reflect the way we actually see and experience the world, with sudden shifts of focus as the head turns
to see random things on a crowded street.
The work recalls the complex pictorial strategies of television and film.
In the studio – the work is assembled from several canvases side-by-side
Birmelin rehearses with large charcoal drawings
(which he also exhibits)
Roberto Matta, Chilean 1911-2002 Trained as an architect, Matta used perspective and the parallel lines of architecture to create abstract surrealist spaces with diffuse light and bold lines on a featureless background.
His aim was to create “a view of the mind as a three-dimensional inscape.” During the 1940s and 1950s, the disturbing state of world politics found reflection in Matta's work -- canvases became busy with images of electrical machinery and distressed figures.
CubismCubism was popularized by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in Paris between 1907 and 1914.
In Cubist art, objects are broken up and reassembled in abstracted form.
Instead of depicting things from a single viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from multiple of viewpoints.
Before Cubism: Vermeer 1650 After Cubism: Picasso 1910
Picasso was influenced by Paul Cezanne
Picasso 1905Cezanne 1895
Picasso’s Cubism was also influenced by African art
Wayne Thiebaud, 1995
Cubism had a huge impact on other artists in the 20th century.
Wayne Thiebaud, American 1920 -
pronounced TEE-bow
A San Francisco Bay Area painter, Thiebaud combines Pop Art and Cubism in colorful work depicting commonplace objects—pies, lipsticks, paint cans, ice cream cones, pastries, and hot dogs—as well as landscapes and figure paintings. His Cubist inspired compositions also use the well-defined shadows characteristic of graphic art and advertisements.
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