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Report in Science 207
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A space station ( orbital station)
A spacecraft capable of supporting a crew, which is designed to remain in space (most commonly in low Earth orbit) for an extended period of time and for other spacecraft to dock.
It lacks of major propulsion or landing systems.
Earth and the Mir station
The International Space Station (ISS)
The International Space Station on 23 May 2010 as seen from the departing Space Shuttle Atlantisduring STS-132
Sunrise at ZvezdaISS crew member storing samples
ISS was slowly assembled over a decade of spaceflights and crews
Animation of ISS orbit from a North American geostationary point of view
Atmospheric control systems
The interactions between the components of the ISS Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS)
Tomatoes floating in microgravity
Most of the food on board is vacuum sealed in plastic bags.
Cans are too heavy and expensive to transport, so there are not as many.
More spices are used than in regular cooking, and the crew looks
forward to the arrival of any ships from Earth, as they bring fresh fruit
and vegetables with them.
Space toilet in the Zvezda Service Module
WELCOME TO:ROBOTS IN SPACE
A robot may be defined as a self-controlled
device consisting of electronic, electrical,or mechanical units.
They never get tired; They can endure physical conditions that are
uncomfortable or even dangerous; They can operate in airless conditions; They do not get bored by repetition; They cannot be distracted from the task at hand.
Types of Robots in Space ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle)
• ROVs are used in nuclear facilities for inspection and repair in areas too dangerous for humans, and by police bomb squads for removal of potentially hazardous materials.
An ROV can be• an unmanned spacecraft that remains in flight,• a lander that makes contact with an extraterrestrial body
and operates from a stationary position,• a rover that can move over terrain once it has landed
Future Robots in Space
Servicers are humansized, multi-arm, remotemanipulators which are used for
servicing and assembly.
Cranes, like the RMS currently operated on Space Shuttlemissions, are long single arms usedfor repositioning larges masses.
Rovers are mobile platforms for transporting payloads on planetary servicers andextraterrestrial surfaces.
Today's space robots operate either by teleoperation (continuous remote control of a manipulator) robotics (preprogrammed control of a manipulator).
Both are controlled by humans. The distinction is that the
teleoperators are controlled by humans remote in distance, and robots are controlled by humans in time (by way of computer programs).
A robotic spacecraftis a spacecraftwith no humans on board, usually undertelerobotic control.
Space Elevator
A space elevator is a proposed type of
space transportation system.
Its main component is a ribbon-like cable (also called a tether) anchored to the surface and extending into space.
It is designed to permit vehicle transport along the cable from a planetary surface, such as the Earth's, directly into space or orbit, without the use of large rockets.
NASANational Aeronautics
and Space Administration
NASA's vision:
To reach for new heights and reveal the unknown so that what we do and learn will benefit all humankind.
NASA conducts its work in four principal organizations,
called mission directorates:
Aeronautics
Human Explorationand OperationsScience
Space Technology
Mobile Phone CameraScratch-resistant Lenses
Water Purification Clean Energy Technology
Computer Axial Tomography (CAT) scanners in radiography.
Chemical DetectionFreeze Drying Technology
Video Enhancing System
Highway Safety
Artificial Limbs:
WITH THE WORLDWIDE OF SPACE LAUNCH CAPABILITIES AND SMALL SATELLITES, SPACE IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY:
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