The Rise of Filipino Nationalism

INTRODUCTION

?

NATIONALISM

…

Nationalism is a belief,

creed or political ideology

that involves an individual

identifying with, or

becoming attached to, one's

nation.

In the history of Philippines,

the birth of nationalism went

rather slowly due to

topography, language problems

and colonial policy.

Nationalism is not a product of

a sudden outburst of sentiment.

It is brought about by certain

factors that gradually develop.

It is like a seed nourished by

common ideals and aspiration

for national unity.

NATIONALISM

Nationalism is a belief,

creed or political

ideology that involves an

individual identifying

with, or becoming

attached to, one's

nation.

It involves national

identity.

Nationalism is the

feeling of oneness among

the people of a certain

country.

Opening of Philippines to World

Commerce

Influx of Liberal Ideas

Secularization Movement

Liberal Regime of De La Torre

Cavite Mutiny

GOMBURZA Execution

Opening of Philippines to

World Commerce

Transformed Philippines as the center for world trade

Provincial ports were opened to foreign merchants

-- rice, sugar, abaca, tobacco and indigo

Broke her dependency on the treasury of Mexico

The economy of the Philippines rose rapidly and its

local industries developed

Opening of Philippines to

World Commerce

Modernization of the country

-- 1839 : Mail service

-- 1852 : 1st paper money (Philippine bank)

-- 1880 : Hotel de Oriente (Binondo)

-- 1846 : 1st newspaper

Rise of the middle class

-- intelligentsia or ilustrado

-- comprised of the Spanish and Chinese mestizos

Opening of Philippines to

World Commerce

Opening of Philippines to World

Commerce

Influx of Liberal Ideas

Secularization Movement

Liberal Regime of De La Torre

Cavite Mutiny

GOMBURZA Execution

Influx of Liberal Ideas

Due, primarily, to the opening of Philippines to world trade

The possibility of applying Western thoughts as a means to

solve existing problems in the country

Also caused by the opening of

the Suez Canal

-- November 17, 1869

Influx of Liberal Ideas

The intellectuals of the country gained access to western

political thought from the books and newspapers brought by

foreign travelers

-- Ideologies of the French and American Revolution

-- Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, Montesquieu, Jefferson

Influx of Liberal Ideas

“But there is only one thing which gathers

people into seditious

commotion, and that is

oppression.”

“When the people fear the

government, there is tyranny.

When the government

fears the people, there is liberty.”

“Society is the union of men

and not the men themselves.”

“In general, the art of

government consists of taking as much money as possible from

one class of citizens to give

to another.”

“Man is born free, but

everywhere he is in chains.”

Opening of Philippines to World

Commerce

Influx of Liberal Ideas

Secularization Movement

Liberal Regime of De La Torre

Cavite Mutiny

GOMBURZA Execution

Secularization Movement

Regular Priests and Secular Priests

-- Regular priests belonged to religious orders.

Their main task was to spread Christianity.

-- Secular priests were trained to run the

parishes and were under the supervision of

the bishops.

Conflict began when the bishops insisted on visiting the

parishes that were being run by regular priests

Secularization Movement

Secular priests must fill in the vacancy left by the regular

clergy

The increase of number in Christian converts proved to be too

much compared to the number of clerics

Due to lack of personnel, the various religious orders opened

membership to young native Filipinos

-- 1698: Francisco Baluyut – 1st indio priest

Secularization Movement

Conflict mounted between the Spanish friars and Filipino

Priests

-- Father Pedro Pelaez

- defended the rights of the

Filipino clergy

Opening of Philippines to World

Commerce

Influx of Liberal Ideas

Secularization Movement

Liberal Regime of De La Torre

Cavite Mutiny

GOMBURZA Execution

Liberal Regime of De La Torre

He was welcomed by both Filipinos and

Spaniards

-- June 23, 1869

A liberal Spaniard who practiced

liberal and democratic principles

He abolished flogging, relaxed media

censorship, and began limited

secularization of education

Liberal Regime of De La Torre

Developed a close relationship with the ilustrados

The peaceful settlement of agrarian unrest in Cavite

-- Guisas de la Torre (Guardia Civil)

- police force headed by Camerino, the leader

of the revolt

Liberal Regime of De La Torre

Alpargatas

- the Spanish national

footwear for peasants

Opening of Philippines to World

Commerce

Influx of Liberal Ideas

Secularization Movement

Liberal Regime of De La Torre

Cavite Mutiny

GOMBURZA Execution

Cavite Mutiny

The liberal government established by Gov. – Gen. Carlos Maria

de la Torre ended

-- General Rafael Izquierdo

- marked the end of liberal policies

200 Filipino Soldiers (Cavite arsenal)

-- abolition of exemption from polo y servicio and

payment of annual tribute

-- January 20, 1872

- the mutiny broke out under the leadership of

Sergeant La Madrid

-- January 27, 1872

- 41 mutineers were executed including Camerino

Cavite Mutiny

Boasted that he ruled with a

crucifix in one hand and a sword in

the other

Opening of Philippines to World

Commerce

Influx of Liberal Ideas

Secularization Movement

Liberal Regime of De La Torre

Cavite Mutiny

GOMBURZA Execution

GOMBURZA Execution

Father Mariano Gomez

Father Jose Burgos

Father Jacinto Zamora

GOMBURZA Execution

February 17, 1872

-- executed by the

Spanish colonizers

on charges of

subversion

GOMBURZA Execution

February 17, 1872

-- executed by the

Spanish colonizers

on charges of

subversion

Refers to an attempt to

transform the established

social order and its

structures

GOMBURZA Execution

-- is a weapon, mostoften referring to a handheldligature of chain, rope, scarf,wire or fishing line used tostrangle a person

Garrote

GOMBURZA Execution

Questioned Spanish authorities and demanded reforms

Their deaths awakened strong feelings of anger and resentmentamong the Filipinos

-- Propaganda Movement-- It was organized and participated by

the illustrados

GOMBURZA Execution

Propaganda Movement-- Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards.-- Recognition of the Philippines as province of Spain.-- Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes-- Secularization of Philippine parishes.-- Human rights

Graciano Lopez– JaenaJose Rizal

GOMBURZA Execution

Propaganda Movement-- La Liga Filipina-- La Solidaridad

La Liga Filipina had no intention of rising up in arms against thegovernment but the Spaniards still felt threatened

The Propaganda Movement put up its own newspaper, called LaSolidaridad.

Opening of Philippines to World

Commerce

Influx of Liberal Ideas

Secularization Movement

Liberal Regime of De La Torre

Cavite Mutiny

GOMBURZA Execution

Opening of Philippines to World

Commerce

Influx of Liberal Ideas

Secularization Movement

Liberal Regime of De La Torre

Cavite Mutiny

GOMBURZA Execution

Opening of Philippines to World

Commerce

Influx of Liberal Ideas

Secularization Movement

Liberal Regime of De La Torre

Cavite Mutiny

GOMBURZA Execution