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Class notes from MUS 330
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The Style Change
End of the Period: Elvis in Army, Jerry Lee 13 yr. Old Wife Problems, Little Richard Got Religion, Chuck Berry Legal Problems, Buddy Holly & Eddie Cochran Dead
? Styles Would Have Changed Anyway?
New Recordmen Replaced the Old
Style Change
New Guys: Dick Clark, Leiber & Stoller, Phil Spector, Brill Building Writers
Birth of “Top 40” Radio
Todd Stortz KOWH (Omaha) 1951
Chart Placement Rather than DJ Taste
Payola
DJs Accepting Money to Play Certain Records
Old Practice to Generate Higher Sales
History (1863 “Tenting”; 1892 “After”
Alan Freed Got A Cut of the Publishing of “Maybellene”
Payola
1959 A House Sub Committee Began Investigating Payola (After the Quiz Show Hearings)Why? The Old ASCAP - BMI DisputeOR, Afraid of Rock and RollFindings: 335 DJs Had Received $263,245Alan Freed Lost His Job
Payola & Dick Clark
Dick Clark Did Not Take Payola, But He Owned 160 Copyrights, Parts of Swan & Jamie Records, Publishing Companies, Pressing Plants, Distribution Company.
He Said “no amount of airplay can turn a stiff into a hit”
Brill Building Pop
The Teen Songwriting/Publishing was Centered in the Brill Building, 1619 Broadway (165 music businesses)
Aldon Publishing, 200 hits
Aldon Writers: Goffin/King
Sedaka/Greenfield, Mann/Weill, Greenwich/Barry
American Bandstand: Teen Idols
Effect of Television in Selling Teen/Rock, Ozzie & Harriet Show, Mickey Mouse Club, Donna Reed Show.
American Bandstand Started 1952, Dick Clark Became Host 1956, ABC in 1957
1959 20 Million Viewers, 101 Stations
Bandstand
Bandstand
Bandstand Teen Idols
Frankie Avalon (Francis Avallone) 1st of the Bandstand Idols
Series of Hits (“Venus”)
Beach Movies with Annette Funicello (Mickey Mouse Club): Beach Party, Bikini Beach, Muscle Beach Party, Beach Blanket Bingo, How To Stuff a Wild Bikini
Beach Movies
Frankie & Annette
Teen Idol: Fabian
Pretty Face, Not a Good Singer
Clark Said the Girls Went Wild
“Tiger”
Teen Idol: Dion
Dion & the Belmonts
“Why Must I be A Teenager in Love”
Teen Idol: Neil Sedaka
Talented Song Writer
Scholarship to Julliard
“Oh Carol”
Bandstand & Dance Craze
Series of Dances with Their Own Songs
Dick Clark Alerted Recordmen to Dances Needing a Song
1st was The Bop
The Stroll
Dance Craze
Dances Songs: Usually Gave Instructions, 12 Bar Blues or I-vi-IV-V, The Twist, Saw Kids Doing Dance, Asked For a Dance Record, Hired Chubby Checker (Ernest Evans)Other Checker Dances: Pony Time, The Fly, Limbo Rock
Chubby Checker
Girls Groups
Theme: Finding self worth through A Boyfriend
The Angels “My Boyfriends Back”
George Shadow Morton Produced groups
Shangri-Las “Leader of the Pack” “I Remember Walkin’ in the Sand”
Girl Groups
Leslie Gore, a touch of feminist\
“Its My Party”
“You Don’t Own Me”
Phil Spector
Boy Genius or Crazed Madman?1958 bought studio time and produced “To Know Him is to Love Him”Involved with local community, Lieber & Stoller, Lester Sill, Lee Hazlewood1960 Went to NY to work with Leiber & Stoller
Phil Spector
Leiber & Stoller Producing The Drifters & Developing a Unique Sound: triangles, castanets, guiro, Latin Percussion
“On Broadway”
Played Guitar Solo
“Under The Boardwalk
“Save The Last Dance For Me”
Phil Spector
1961 Formed Philles Records w/Sill
Produced 20 Consecutive Hits
Developed “Wall of Sound” Technique
Recording multiple groups of homogenous instruments playing the same part. Then rerecording them while studio speakers played
Phil Spector
Crystals
“Uptown”
He’s A Rebel”
“Then He Kissed Me”
Each Hit Escalated the “Wall”
Phil Spector
Rightous Brothers
“You’ve Lost That Lovin’ Feeling” the high point in the Wall of Sound technique.
He Floundered with “River Deep Mountain High” and went into seclusion
Phil Spector & Beatles
He Flew into NY with them in 1964
When Beatles were breaking up he was brought in to fix the “Let It Be” session tapes.
Worked on early Beatle Solo projects with George and John.
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