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Latest Developments InWood-Alternative Decking
Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion are available to print upon completion of the program.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any materials of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to the information within this program should be directed to Trex Company, Inc. upon completion of this program.
AIA Best Practices
3
Copyright Materials
3
This presentation is protected by U.S. and International Copyright laws. Reproduction,
distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of
Trex Company, Inc. is prohibited.
© Trex Company, Inc., 2013
Course Description
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• This course provides information on the wood-alternative decking materials presently available including:
• An understanding of the evolution of decking materials;
• The differences among wood and various alternative decking materials;
• The enhanced capability for building design and aesthetics offered by wood-alternative decking.
Course Objectives
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• Review the evolution of decking materials
• Understand differences between wood and alternative decking materials
• Acquire basic knowledge of high-performance composite decking materials
Decking & Railing Market (North America):$3.6B
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• Primary driver: Residential remodeling activityo 3.1 million residential decks built in
2008o 91% are added to existing homes or
replacing older decks• Significant replacement potential in
installed base of 40 million wood decks• Low-cost method of optimizing existing
homeo Deck additions rank in the top five
remodeling projects for resale value• Favorable underlying trends
o Outdoor livingo Green buildingo Low maintenance
The Deck Category
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• In 1950s, the first residential “decks” begin to appear; materials almost exclusively wood planks.
• Homeowners want to improve use of costly home sites.
• Decks seen as excellent transition from interior to exterior.
• Trend toward “outdoor living” begins as extension of home’s living area and puts increased emphasis on aesthetics.
• Wood decks fade, warp, rot and splinter, requiring regular care and maintenance – creating an opportunity for alternatives.
Alternative Materials Emerge
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• By late 1980s, wood-alternative materials appear in commercial projects — boardwalks,
marinas, dune walkovers.
• By early 1990s, early adoption in the residential market as consumers seek low maintenance (composite decking does not rot, warp, or
splinter and doesn’t require staining/sealing).
• In late 1990s, alternative materials begin to
challenge wood’s dominance.
• Around 2003, PVC decking was introduced to the market. Benefit of scratch, stain, and fade
resistance.
• Around 2008, high-performance composite decking was introduced. This is the latest in decking technology and offers scratch, stain, fade, and mold resistance with a warranty to back it up. In addition, the product is
environmentally friendly.
Material Options for Decking
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• Traditional Wood Decking• Wood-Alternative Decking
o Traditional composite deckingo PVCo High-performance composite decking
Traditional Wood Decking Materials
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• Pressure-Treated Lumber (PTL)
• Cedar• Redwood• Douglas Fir• Exotic Hardwoods
(Ipe, Mahogany)
Arsenic-free PTLs
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• Arsenic-free PTLs do not require EPA warnings; considered safe to handle
• Industry concerns includecompatibility with conventional sealers, decreased longevity
Traditional Woods: Cedar
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• Cypress family• Resistant to rot, lasts nine
to 30 years if properly maintained
• Moderate impact resistance
• Relatively low strength, high initial beauty
• Old growth harvesting • Restricted• 2nd growth shows
reduced longevity, aesthetics
Traditional Woods: Redwood/Cedar/Douglas Fir
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• Availability issues• Warping, splintering,
cupping, etc• Challenge getting needed
size• High maintenance• Environmental concerns
Exotic Woods: Ipe, Mahogany, etc.
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• Many species, sub-species• Very durable, heavy, strong • Low maintenance; won’t shrink• Lasts up to 30 years; longer
if properly maintained• Dense, difficult to tool – labor
costs high• High initial cost• Harvested from Central,
South American rainforests• Can be sealed; difficult to paint
or varnish
Benefits of Wood Decks
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• Affordable• Widely available• Easy to cut and saw• Aesthetically pleasing• Weathers naturally
Drawbacks of Wood Decks
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• Require staining, painting, sanding or sealing
• Rot, split, swell, twist, fade• Nail pops and splinters• Contribute to
deforestation• Mold and mildew growth
Shift Toward Alternative Materials
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• Addressing the drawbacks of wood:o Maintenanceo Durabilityo Liability
Residential Decking and Railing Market
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• Residential Decking & Railing sales $3.6B in 2012
• Composites have gained significant market share
• Composites offer better aesthetics, functionality and durability than wood
61%
5%
34%
Composite/ Cellular PVC/ Plastic
97%
3%
1999 2012Substantial
conversion
Metal
Lumber
Alternative Materials
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• Traditional Composites (uncapped)• PVC• High-Performance Composites (capped/shelled)
Traditional Composite Lumber: Characteristics
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• Stays pliable in low temperatures
• Decking planks require gapping
• Not currently suited for column, beam, joist, stringer, other primary load-bearing applications
• Range of colors are available (including dark colors)
Traditional Composite Lumber: Features
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• Long life-cycle in outdoor use
• High impact and abrasion resistant
• No toxic chemical content• ADA compliant• Won’t warp, check, crack or
splinter• Can be cut, milled, fastened,
painted like wood –moderate stiffness vs. traditional woods
Traditional Composite Lumber: Make-Up
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• Made from polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) and high-quality waste hardwood, softwoods
• Most manufacturers use significant amount virgin PE or PP; other manufacturers use significant amount of reclaimed/recycled PE
• Wood comes from manufacturers as excess scrap and is ground into wood flour
• Post-consumer, post industrial content from 40% to 95% depending upon manufacturer
• Additives are used for color and UV stabilization
Benefits of Traditional Composite Lumber
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• Will not rot, warp, or splinter• Environmentally friendly• Lower maintenance than wood• Less likely to crack or check• Easy to bend and curve patterns• Resists termites and decay• Easy to cut, screw, and saw• Can be built with traditional tools• Compatible with hidden fastening
systems• Resists chalking• Does not need sanding, painting,
or staining
Traditional Composite Lumber: Issues
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• Fade and stain• Requires periodic
cleaning with deck wash
• Susceptible to scratches
• Susceptible to mold and mildew
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) Lumber: Make up
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• Known as Polyvinyl Chloride• Made from plastic: Primarily virgin material• Contains no organic filler• Ethylene and chlorine are raw materials for PVC • Crude oil is the upstream raw material
PVC Lumber: Features
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• Rot-resistant, won’t split or delaminate
• Non-toxic and resists insect damage
• Low maintenance• Two major forms: mono-
and co-extruded• Typically add UV screens
to resist fading, breakdown, discoloration
PVC Lumber: Characteristics
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• Can be welded like vinyl; cut and fastened like wood
• Colors muted• Cellular PVC is brittle
below 40º F• Poor impact resistance
PVC Lumber Decking: Benefits
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• Stain, scratch, and mold resistant• Lightweight• Cleans with soap and water• Easy to bend and curve patterns• Resists termites and decay• Easy to cut, screw, and saw• Can be built with traditional tools• Does not need sanding, painting, or staining
PVC Lumber Decking: Issues
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• No fade and stain warranty• Susceptible to stains from
rubber mats and suntan lotion
• Chalking• Not environmentally friendly• Higher cost; driven by price
of oil • Looks like plastic
High-Performance Composites
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• Materials, manufacturing• Profiles, colors, textures• Special attributes
High-Performance Composites: Make Up
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• Made from polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) and high-quality waste hardwood, softwoods
• Wood comes from manufacturers excess scrap and ground into wood flour
• Product is wrapped with a cap or shell for protection from the elements.
• Additives are used for color and UV stabilization
• Cap/shell protective layer provides ability to provide greater scratch, stain, fade, and mold resistance with a 25-year warranty
High-Performance Composites: Benefits
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• Scratch, stain, fade, and mold resistant• Fade and stain warranties• Deep, rich colors• Cleaned with soap and water or
pressure washer• Natural wood-grain finishes• Environmentally friendly• Will not rot, warp, or splinter• Easy to bend and curve patterns• Resists termites and decay• Easy to cut, screw, and saw• Can be built with traditional tools• Compatible with hidden fastening
systems• Resists chalking• Does not need sanding, painting, or
staining
High-Performance Composites: Characteristics
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• Stays pliable in low temperatures
• Decking planks require gapping
• Not currently suited for column, beam, joist, stringer, and other primary load-bearing applications
• Plethora of colors are available
High-Performance Composites: Construction
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• Typical formulation about half wood flour, half plastic
• Plastic is encapsulates wood particles to create a bond
• Cap/shell is co-extruded • Continuous extrusion
process
Consumer Preference
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0% 6% 11% 17% 22% 28%
Maintenance
Color Retention
Eco-friendliness
Staining
Price
Material
Aesthetics/Finish
Board Shape
Brand
% of total importance-a
a- based on spread of levels
Maintenance is the overall most important attribute; when coupled with color retention and staining, this attribute grouping accounts for 53 percent of the overall importanceEco-friendliness was the third-most important attributePrice is the fifth-most important attribute overall
Homeowners > Overall Attribute Importance
Waste Material Sources
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• Some manufacturers use: o Wood from furniture or hardwood flooring industries; used wood
pallets; similar sourceso Polyethylene from used grocery, garment bags; pallet wrap; other
sources• The leading WPC manufacturer keeps some 400,000 tons of
plastic and wood scrap out of landfills each year
High-Performance Composites: Installation
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• Tools and Handling
• Spans• Gapping• Care and Cleaning
Installation Tools
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• High-performance composites work as easily as wood with saws, routers, drills, other traditional tools
• Some hollow or ribbed profiles are not suited to ripping. Check with manufacturer for recommendations
Handling (weight)
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• High-performance composite lumber weight is comparable to hardwood
• Typical weight is around 2.5 lbs. / lineal ft.
Joist Spans
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• Residential and commercial application joist spacing generally 16” on center
• Some manufacturers offer decking products that are rated for a joist spacing of 24” on center
• Spans should be reduced when decking is placed at an angle to joist
• 100psf to 200psf uniform live loads are typical
• Check with manufacturer for load, deflection details of specific profiles
Gapping
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• Must gap end to end and side to side
• Typical width-to-width gap is ¼” in normal weather, 3/8” in cold weather
• Many manufacturers offer hidden fasteners that automatically gap deck boards width-to-width
Care and Cleaning
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Dirt and DebrisThe affected area should be sprayed off with a hose to remove surface debris. Use warm soapy water and a soft bristle brush to remove dirt and debris from the embossing pattern.Chalk LinesHigh performance chalk lines may discolor the surface. Use only Irwin Strait-Line®* Dust-Off Marking Chalk (purple), available at Irwin.comTannins Due to DebrisRemove all debris from the deck using a hose or broom. Once the deck surface is dry, apply a Deck Brightener** to the deck as directed by the manufacturer. Deck Brighteners contain oxalic acid, which will also remove tannins.Ice and SnowA plastic shovel may be used to remove snow from the deck. Use calcium chloride or rock salt to melt the snow and ice from the deck surface. Oil, Grease and FoodAll food spills should be removed as soon as possible. To remove, spray off with a hose and use warm, soapy water and a soft bristle brush to remove spills from the embossing pattern.Mold and MildewIf debris such as pollen and dirt is allowed to remain on the deck surface, mold can feed on the biofilm. Using a hose and warm, soapy water with a soft bristle brush is recommended to remove the food source and mold.Using a Pressure Washer (Concrete, Stucco or Ground-in Construction Dirt)A pressure washer with no greater than 3100 psi***** that has a fan attachment/adjustment and soap dispenser may be used to remove dirt, concrete dust, or other types of construction dirt. Spray deck with soap, then follow with gently scrubbing each deck board with a soft bristle brush. Spray/rinse each individual deck board using a fan tip no closer than 8" from the decking surface. RINSE THOROUGHLY. If dirty water from cleaning is left to dry, this will cause a film to remain on the decking surface.
High-Performance Composites: Other Applications
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• Porches to Playgrounds
• Boardwalks to Benches
• And the list is growing . . .
Amusement Areas, Benches, Boardwalks
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Footbridges, Piers, Marinas
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Planter Boxes, Playgrounds, Signage
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Specifying High-Performance Composites
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Specifying wood-polymer material is straightforward. As with virtually any building product, the designer needs to check codes, availability and specifications.
• Codes• Availability• Specifications
Discussion Time
48
Any Questions?
Latest Developments in Wood-Alternative Decking
An AIA Continuing Education ProgramCredit for this course is 1 AIA/CES Learning Unit
This concludes the continuing education course.Thank you for your time!
Course Sponsor:
TREX Corporation
Course Number:
Course Title: Latest Developments in Wood-Alternative
Decking
160 Exeter Drive Winchester, VA 22603
Phone: 540-542-6300
Fax: 410-732-8625
E-mail:
Architect@trex.com
Web:
www.trex.com
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Why ?
• World’s leading brand of wood-alternative decking• Proven performance backed by a strong warranty• Network of company-employed sales reps throughout the country• Widely distributed and available (more than 6,000 retail locations)
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More Than Just Decking
Complete outdoor system: – Steel deck framing
– Decking
– Railing
– Porch
– Outdoor Lighting
– Trim
And even extras like:– Deck drainage systems
– Outdoor furniture
– Pergolas
– Saw Blades
– Spiral Stairs
Environmentally Friendly
Trex uses recycled plastic and reclaimed wood to create environmentally friendly products
• Keeping more than 400 million pounds of plastic and wood scrap out of landfills annually
• Trex recycles all forms of polyethylene - including packaging, shrink wrap, and shopping bags.
Not Just Green. Certifiably Green.
• Decking is certified to contain 95% recycled material from the ICC-ES SAVE Verification
• Trex products contribute to a project’s LEED points (per the US Green Building Council)
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Decking and Railing
Market Overview• Marketplace:
– Gap between wood and traditional composites is closing due to price on wood increasing– Composite decking expected to grow low- to mid-single digits in 2014– New construction is starting to rebound
• Marketplace Trends:– High-performance decking exceeded 50% share in 2013 – PVC has become a niche product line
• Market Outlook:– High-performance decking will have 90% share in 2015– Uncapped composites will be limited to opening price point
• Trex Outlook:– Commercialize current product portfolio for 2014 – Reposition product lineup
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What’s Impacting the Market?
• Better Aesthetics – More natural look and feel– Streaked finishes– Hidden fastener, seamless surface finish– Deck Lighting
• Better Performance– Stain, Fade, & Scratch resistant
• Green– More emphasis with product specifiers
• Design Flexibility– Less products, more options
• Improved Value Proposition– High-performance products are delivering on the low maintenance plus high-
aesthetic promise to capture a broader range of consumers.
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Decking
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Good, Better, Best Decking Lineup
PositioningBetter LooksNatural, Earth-Tone ColorsBetter PerformanceNo matching railingBig Box focused25 Year Fade & Stain
Warranty
PositioningBest LooksRich, Earth Tone ColorsBest PerformancePremium ProductClass B Fire Rating25 Year Fade & Stain
Warranty
PositioningGood LooksNatural Wood GrainGood PerformanceOpening Price PointRailing in white only25-Year Fade & Stain Warranty
BestGood Better
Unparalleled BeautyHigh-definition wood grain in
seven rich colors to mix, match and mingle
Hassle-Free Easy soap & water cleanup
Fade, Stain, Scratch & Mold ResistantMaintains beauty and color
through changing seasons, messy barbecues, and active lifestyles
Earth-FriendlyMade from 95% recycled
materials
25-year Limited Fade & Stain WarrantyA guarantee unheard of for any
other kind of decking
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Transcend Decking Colors
• Scratch, stain, fade and mold resistant
• 25-year fade and stain warranty
• ICC Save Listed – contains 95.4% recycled content
• Groove and square edge
• 3 colors available
• 5.5 inch standard width
• 3-sided shell protection
• 48 pc bundle unit
Compatible with Trex Universal Hidden
Fastener
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• Scratch, stain, fade and mold resistant
• ICC Save Listed – contains 95.4% recycled content
• Groove and square edge
• 5 colors available
• Trex Select railing in white only
• 3-sided shell protection
• 5.5 inch standard width
• 25-year fade and stain warranty
• 64 pc bundle unit
Pebble Grey
Like What You’re (Not) Seeing?
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Fascia
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First to market white-capped WPC fascia
• Universal White capped composite fascia board
• Complements any Trex® decking product
• More durable than cellular PVC
– Much more impact resistant
• 25-year fade and stain warranty
• Trex Fascia options (every decking color):
– Good – TrexTrim™
– Better – Trex Universal Fascia (White Only)
– Best – Trex Transcend® Fascia
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Railing
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Positioning
Vinyl Rail Replacement Good LooksGood PerformanceLowest Price Point
PositioningSuperior LooksSuperior High-performanceNew Beveled Rail Design Multiple Rail Configurations
Positioning
Excellent for Commercial & Multi-story Applications
Matte, Powder-coated FinishEnhanced PerformanceGreat for Hardscape Applications
Good, Better, Best Railing Platform
Good BestBetter
6969
Trex Composite Advantage
Trex Composite Technology
• Superior strength and workability
• Twice the stiffness of vinyl
• Reduced thermal expansion versus vinyl
• High moisture resistance vs. wood
• High heat resistance – resists distortion in sun
• Renewable, reclaimable & responsible
• Made From 43% Reclaimed Wood Fibers
7070
Trex Composite Advantage
Trex Railing Resists Twice As Much Force As Vinyl Without Deflection or Deformation
7171
Trex Composite Advantage
Trex Railing has less than 50% of the Thermal Expansion Qualities Compared To PVC Resulting In a Longer Product
Life With No Rattling
7272
Trex Composite Advantage
Trex Railing Offers The Strength Of Wood Without The Risk Of Moisture Damage
7373
Trex Composite Advantage
Trex Railing Will Remain Rigid & Stable In The Most Demanding High Heat Environments
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Colors
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Design Options
Square AL Tubular Colonial Glass Panel
Baluster Options
Color OptionsKit Options
-6ft & 8ft
- Stair and Horizontal
Railing
Options
Beveled
Top/Bottom Rail Universal
Top/Bottom Rail
Crown Top Rail
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Key Features and Benefits
• Superior strength-to-weight versus alternatives
• “Minimalistic” geometry allows for designs with improved visibility
• Easy installation
• Green: 50% Recycle Content
• Made in USA
• Industry-leading warranty
• Unmatched aesthetics
• 25-year Residential & Commercial Warranty (including Coast)
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Scale: 6’ & 8’ 36” & 42” Height
Orientation: Horizontal & Stair
Configuration: Post to Post & Crossover
Balusters: ¾” Round & ¾” Square
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Design Considerations
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Critical Design Considerations
• Ease of assembly
• No exposed (all hidden) fasteners
• Code compliance to 8’ x 42”
• Option to eliminate need for secondary (ADA) handrail
• Type 1 graspable
• Continuous “cross over” configuration
• AMMA- 2604 “Certified” Powder Coating
• Adaptable to aluminum posts or composite 4x4 post sleeve
• “Complete” kit format
• Ease of purchase
• Minimal SKUs
• Retail-friendly packaging
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Railing
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Penetrate PVC “Hollow Vinyl” railing market with a capped ALL composite offering
• Residential PVC “Hollow Vinyl” rail market is $189MM, incremental to composites.• Re-positioning Trex railing line up to capture distinct user segments in an ALL COMPOSITE system • Designed for the DIY homeowner and production builder
Key Features and Benefits• Unique external bracket system • 6’ & 8’ level and stair• Pre-routed rail profiles
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• Durable low-voltage, LED lighting
• Operates up to 40,000 hours
• Uses 75% less energy than incandescent
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Post Cap Light
Deck Rail LightRiser Light
Recessed Deck Light
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• Stronger– Fewer posts/more flexible designs
• Straighter– Consistent dimensions– Dimensionally Stable– Flat, finished surface
• Safer– Non-combustible– Class 1A Fire Rating– Termite Resistant
• Smarter– Long-lasting– 25-year warranty– Lighter than wood/less physically
taxing
• Uses a system of beams, joists and tracks to build easily and evenly
• Outstanding performance
• Beauty from every angle
Code Acceptance
Commercial Acceptance
Elevations Project – Single Family
Latest Developments in Wood-Alternative Decking
Western Building Center
westernbuildingcenter.com
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Thank you!
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