Unit 2 Notes 2

1. According to Pericles, what made Athens great?

2. Why do you think Pericles would call Athens the “school of Greece”?

3. How did he help Athens dominate the Delian League?

4. How did Pericles make Athens more democratic?

5. How did culture in Athens blossom under Pericles?

Homework Review

When was it?◦ The period of roughly

480 BC-404 BC What was it?

◦ A time when Athens produced some of the most enduring cultural artifacts of the Western tradition

Why did it occur?◦ End of the Persian

Wars◦ Delian League

established

The Golden Age of Athens

The Golden Age of Athens

Public buildings and spaces were the pride of Athens

Acropolis “high city”- temples to the gods

What did Athens look like?

The Acropolis, today

Most famous temple on the acropolis

Huge statue of Athena in it

The Parthenon

Philosophy

“Lovers of wisdom”◦ Philos- lover◦ Sophist-wise

Believed the human mind could understand everything

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Pythagoras

Philosophy

Socrates◦ Socratic

Method- Asked students to use their reason and see things for themselves

◦ Put to death for “threatening” leaders

◦ Drank poison to carry out jury’s sentence

Philosopher Review

One of Socrates’ students Wrote “The Republic”

◦ Society should be arranges like this:

◦ Top: Philosopher-Kings, who rule with reason

◦ Warriors- to defend ◦ The Rest- Driven by desire

Started a school called the Academy

Plato

Student of Plato

Taught the Golden Mean- people should do nothing in excess

Used scientific approach to solve problems

Aristotle

Temple of Apollo at Delphi

Religion

Extremely important to the Greeks- this is shown in the temples

Gods and goddesses had power over an area of life

Example:◦ Ares: god of war◦ Apollo: god of sun,

poetry, and music

Religion

Oracle- “to speak”

Oracles were thought to be portals through which the gods spoke directly to people

Religion, continued

Acropolis

Architecture

Architectural Terms•Cornice is the set of crowning moldings that cap an entablature in Classical architecture.

•The Doric order is characterized by the series of triglyphs and metopes on the entablature.

•Each metope was occupied by a panel of relief sculpture.

•Architrave:The word is derived from the Greek word for main beam.

•Capital: The topmost element of the column, helps to transfer loads from beams to columns.

•Shaft: The long round section of a column between the base and the capital.

triglyph

metope

capital

architrave

shaft

cornice

flute

Architectural Influences

Doric Column

Amphitheaters Arches

Aqueducts Theaters

IonicColum

n

CorinthianColumn

Doric Architecture

The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital), is plain.

Doric Architecture in America

Doric Columns on Thomas Jefferson’s house

Ionic Architecture

The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant.

The capital is decorated with a scroll-like design

Ionic Architecture in America

Corinthian Architecture

The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples.

The capital is very elaborate and decorated with leaves

Corinthian Architecture in America

US Capitol Building

US Supreme Court

Amphitheaters Amphi- means "around" in

Greek.

The amphitheatre was the place where people went to see fights.

Usually outdoor arenas where people watched sporting events and plays.

Amphitheaters in AmericaBeaver Stadium, PSU

Other Greek Ideas: Theaters and Arches

Dodoni Ancient Greek Theater, Northwest Greece

The Arch of Constantine; background right, the Colosseum.

Sports

Main goal- to honor the gods and goddesses

Most famous games- Olympics◦ Honored Zeus, ruler

of the gods, at Olympia

Sports