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المحتويات:
1 .......................................................................................................................................... المقدمة
2 ............................................................................... المصطلحات المستعملة في مجال حماية النظم الكهربية
5 ............................................................................................................ الحماية )المرحالت( أجهزةدور
7 ....................................................................................................... الحماية أجهزةعمل وأسلوبوظيفة
8 ..................................................................................................... لعمل دائرة الحماية األساسيةالمبادئ
10 ......................................................................................................... الحماية ألجهزةة المتطلبات العام
15 ................................................................................................... الحماية الرئيسية والحماية االحتياطية
٢
-1 -
אאאא
אאאאאאאאאאK
א א א א א א א אא
אאאאאאKאאאאאאאאאאא
א א א א א א א א א אאאאא
EKאאאFאאאא אא א א א
אאאאאאאאKאא
א א א א א אא א אא א א א אא א א K
אאאאאאאאK
٢
-2 -
אאאא
• FNormalE א א א אא א
אאאK • FRelays E א א א א אא
אא א ،א א א א אאאAbnormal FאאאKE
• אNormally Open Contact (NOC) אא
א א K אא אאאאKאאא
אאאאאאאאאאK
• Normally Closed Contact (NCC)אא
אאKאאאKאF
א אE Fא א E K אאאאKא
אא א א K אאK
• אא Primary Relays
אאאאאK
٢
-3 -
אאSecondary Relays אאאאאאאK
• אא Electromagnetic Relays
אאאאאאK• אאStatic Relays
א א א (semi-conductors) אא אאאאK
א א אאא(slave devices) אאאאK
• אאMain Relays
אאK• אאאא Back-Up Relays
אאא אא אאאK
• אSelectivity
א FאE אא א א א אאא،אאא
אאאאאאK
٢
-4 -
אSensitivity אאאאאאK• אConsistency
אאאאK• אOperating Time
א א א א אKאאאאא
• אאInstantaneous Relays
א א א א Fא E א١٠K
• אאTime-delay Relay
אאK• אOver Current Relays
א א א אא א אאW
١KאאאאDefinite time-Current Relay
אאאאאאK
٢KאאאאInverse-time-Current Relaysאאאאא
אא( I . t = k) אאK
٢
-5 -
٣KאאאאאInverse-definite time Relay
אאאאאאאK
אFאE
א א אFא Eאאאאאאאא
אאאKא،
אאאאאאאאKא א א א K
אאאאאאאאאאאאא K א א F١ W٢ E٪ א א
אKאאאאאא
אא א אאאא“Electric Brain”Kאאא
אFא Eאאא א א א אא א א א
אאKאאאאאאאא
אאKאאאאאאאאאאאאאאKאאאא
אאא Kאאאאאאאא
אאאאKאW
٢
-6 -
١K אאאאK ٢K אאK ٣K אאאאאאאK ٤K אאאאאK ٥K אאאאאאK
א Fusesאא •• אאא Circuit Breakers • אRelays • אאLightning Arrestors
א אאאאאאא א אא אאא אאא
אאKאאאאא
א א א א א Kאאאאאא
א אFא KEא א א א אאאאאאאאאFאאKE
א א א א א אאאאא
אאK
٢
-7 -
א אאאאאא
אא ، א א א א Fא KE א אא(Distance Relay type reactance)
אאאאאאא א א א אא א א
(Cos Φ)אא )φSin IV
( ٢٪אאאK
א א א א אא אאאא
אא(Potential Transformer) א(Current Transformer)אW
١K א א א א אK
٢K אאאאאאאאאK ٣K אאאאאאK
א אא א אא אא אאא K א א
א אא א א אא א אאא אא
אאאK ( Sensing element)
א( Control element) Kא א א אאאאאאא
אאKאאאאאאאK
אאאאאא
٢
-8 -
אאאאאK
אאאאא(Protective Relays) אאאא
אאאאאאאאאאאאאFאEאא
FאEאאKאF١Eאאאאאאא
K א א א (Bus-Bars) א (Feeders)אאאאKאאאאאK
אאאא אאאא א א אאFא Eאאאא
אאK،אאאאאאאאא
אאאא(Trip Coil t.c.)אא(auxiliary switch)א Kא א א אא
א אKא א א אאאW
אא א א אא א א אא אאאאא Kאאאא
אאאאא א א א א א א
א א א אאאאאK
א אא (L/R)א אאא،אאאאאK
٢
-9 -
אאאא(a)אאאא(rest)Kאאא
אאאאאK
אF١Eאא
محول الجهد
P.T
محول التيارCT
قاطع الدائرة
الدائرة المحمية
اتجاه التشغيل
قضيب التوزيع
قضيب توزيع الثانوي الجهد
ملف تشغيل
مرحل
بطارية
a b c
٢
-01 -
אאאא אאאאא א
אא K אאאא ،א א א א אאאא
א א א K א א אKאWאא
אאאאKאאWאSelectivity
אאאאאאאא אא א א א Kא א א
אא אא אא אא אא KאF٢E
،K
F٢Eאאאאא
א
G G
אא
א
٢
-11 -
אאאאאאאא א א א א K א
אאאאאאK אא FאאEאא א
אאאKא،Kאא( over lapping)א
אK אא אא א
א א א K א F٣ Eא א א א אא F٢ KE א F٣E א א
אאאאאאאMetal clad typeא
אאאאאאאאאאאKאF٤E
אא א Kא אKאאא
אאאאאאאאKא١אאאאא٢
אא٣٤א٥אK
٢
-31 -
אSpeed of operation א אאא،א
אאאאאאאאאאKאא
א א א א א א אאאאK
אאאא א א א א א אא
א א א ،א א،،אאאK
אאאאאאא
א א א א א א א F١}٠١٢}٠EאKאאאא١٥}٠
٣}٠אאאאא٥}١٣אKא א א אאא א
אאאאאאאא،א א
אאאא،אF٠٦}٠١٥}٠E،א٢}٠אא٠٥}٠١٤}٠א
אא١٢}٠א٠٨}٠א ٠٤}٠א א ١}٠ ٢}٠ א
א א ٠٢}٠٠٤}٠א K א א א א
אאאאK
٢
-41 -
א Sensitivity אאאאK
אאאFאאEאאאאKאאאאאאא
א א אא K א א א אאאאא(Back – up protection)K
אReliability א א א א
אאאKא אאאאK
א א א אאאאאאאאא
א א אא א אK אא א א אא Kאאאאאאא
אK
אא Stability א א אא F E
אא אא K אאאאאK
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