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CAUSES AND IMPLICATION OF DELAY IN LOCAL ROAD BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
M.Sc. Thesis Presented bySudina Kuikel
Under the guidance ofEr. Sushil Chandra Tiwari (DDG, DoI)
Transportation Engineering and ManagementNepal Engineering College
Pokhara University 1
Introduction
Study Area
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusion and Recommendation
2
Presentation Outline
Delay- costly, complex & risky problem -Time overrun beyond completion
datesignificant implications (economic/social)
People have to wait for services longerReduce efficiency of available resourcesLimit the growth potentialBrings drop in building activitiesBad reputation Inability to secure project finance
3
Introduction
> 6,000 rivers and rivulets More than 50,000 LRN
(DOLIDAR, 2011) For all-weather >3,000
bridges required in LRN under construction and
design phase-200 walkover survey-284 demandlist-more than 2000
(DoLIDAR/LRBP, 2012)
4
Bridge construction scenario in LRN
-Delay and its effects in most bridges-Ranges from short duration to many years-Has a frightening economic problem
- not only wastes financial resources but also reduces pace of development activities
5
Problem Statement
1 •What is the present situation of LRB construction?
2 •What are the real causes of delay in the LRB construction sector?
3•What are the clients, contractors and consultants
perceptions regarding delay and its effects in LRB construction?
4 •What are the effects caused by delay in LRB construction?
6
Research Questions
Analyze the present situation of different LRB of different types having construction problem
To identify the causes of delays that currently exists in construction performance and to evaluate their relative importance
To study the differences in ideas of the three main stakeholders, including clients, contractors and consultants regarding delay.
Assess the implications of the delays especially in terms of project duration and project cost
7
Objectives Overall objective is to identify causes of delay and its effects in LRB construction
Bridges being constructed by DoLIDAR only with limited number of stakeholders (consultants,
contractors and employer) Certain extents of the problems are assumed common
8
Scope and Limitation
S. No. Implementing Agency
No. of Bridge
Completed Under construction Total
1 Central (DoLIDAR) 0 7 7
2 DDC 17 48 65
3 JICA 0 32 32
4 RRRSDP 3 22 25
5 RAIDP - 12 12
6 DRILP - 5 5
7 RTI SWAp 9 3 12
Total 20 138 168 9
Study Area
Why the particular site was selected Why particular type of bridge is proposed Site data and proposal for preparation
drawing Soil strata in the form of bore log Model study detail Salient features and quantities of each items Upto date approved structural drawings Details of all meetings and decision Decision making mechanism in disputeDhiman (2009)
11
Important points to consideredLiterature Review
INPU
TD
ATA
AN
ALYS
ISO
UTP
UT
, Identification of causes of delay and its consequences
SCOPELRB of DoLIDAR through different programmes
STRATEGY- Literature: finding common delay sources and effects- Project document: finding specific sources- Stakeholders: Clarification, validity & finding new
LITERATURE STAKEHOLDERSClientContractorConsultant
Contracts details, diaries, meeting record , project report and schedules
List of causes & effects (69 causes-11 category & 15 effects)
PROJECT SELECTION- 16 Projects ( GoN & donor implemented including all ecological region)
Interview DTO , LBS & LRBSU personnel
Situation of bridgesDiscussion with localSafety measuresRanking causes and
effects
Questionnaire survey
Analysis of dataStatistical tool (Mean, SD, RII)
Site Observation
- major causes & effects-Ranking of causes and effects in the view of all-Ranking category wise and in average---View analysis
CONCLUSION- Delay causes- Delay effects- Ranking of cause
and effects
Methodology
13
5834
8
How common is delay %
very commoncommonnot so common
05
1015202530354045
18
40
30
12
frequency of schedule re-vision %
frequency of original schedule revision
Response rate of Questionnaire
S.N Distributed
Return %
1 Client 85.722 Contractor 604 Consultant 77.4
Total 74.28
Data Analysis and findings
emplo
yer re
lated
manag
emen
t relat
ed
consul
tant re
lated
contra
ctor re
lated
human
resou
rces r
elated
materia
l relat
ed
equip
ment re
lated
finan
cial re
lated
techn
ology
relat
ed
site c
ondit
ion
exter
nal
0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.00
5.266.03
5.22 4.73 4.53 5.065.52 5.50 4.93
6.18
4.98
Cause category
Aver
age
mea
n sc
ore
14
Cause of delay category wiseResults & discussion
15
Name of Bridge Funding Agency Delay (%) Cost Overruns (%) Cause of Delay (Related
Category)
Phalame Gauda GoN 95 46 Site Condition
Man Nadi GoN 48 5.21 Site Condition
Surahi Nala GoN 31 14 Site Condition
Chauri Khola GoN 55 0 Management
Likhu Khola GoN 29 10 Consultant, Contractor
Ladku khola ADB 20 14 Contractor
Kerunga GoN 10 0 Financial
Roshi JICA 24.1 24.9 Management, Employer
Teli Khola GoN 111 21 Financial
Khani Khola GoN 20 14.5 Site Condition
Roshi 2 JICA 32.8 5.3 Contractor, Management
Marin JICA 19.6 4.3 Management
Thosne ADB 15 0 Site Condition
Siwa Khola ADB 67 10.8 External, consultant
Mulsangu ADB 58 19.6 Site Condition
Dans GoN 78 29 Financial
Results & discussion
Contractor1. Long time to get permits and
approvals for the employer 2. The employer’s late approvals3. Slow decision making process of
the employer4. Strikes, riots and wheel locks
(Bandha) 5. Consultants slowness in giving
instructions
Consultant1. Frequent changes of government2. Deficiencies in planning and
scheduling3. Improper scheduling or problem in
scheduling4. Inadequate labor force of the
contractor 5. Politically motivated decision of
employer16
Top five causes ranked Client1. Slow mobilization of resources to site by contractor 2. Negligence of contractors in their contracting business 3. Deficiencies in planning and scheduling, mismanagement4. Inadequate labor force of the contractor 5. Contractor un commitment to consultant instructions
Results & discussion
S.N Cause of Delay
RankGroup
Employer Contractor Consultant
1 Deficiencies in planning 3 29 2 Management
2 Shortage of power supply 12 6 12 Material
3 Political interference 19 10 7 External
4 Improper scheduling 15 21 3 Management
5 Strikes, riots, wheel locks 16 4 26 External
6 Land/Resettlement problem 25 13 6 Site condition
7 Politically motivated decision of employer 23 14 5 Employer
8 Frequent changes of government 22 38 1 External
9 Long time to get permits 27 1 29 Employer
10 Selection of improper site 14 8 40 Site condition17
Top ten causes in averageData Analysis
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
20
40
60
80
100
120 Effects of delay
Time Cost
Cases
Ove
rrun
%
Maximum : Time overrun – 111% Cost overrun- 29% Average : Time overrun- 44.59 % Cost overrun-13.16%
Findings and discussion
Donor funded less time overrun in comparison
Problem of timely budget unavailability in GoN funded
1. Time overrun2. Cost overrun3. Idling resources4. Adverse impact on overall national
economy 5. Loss reputation of parties
19
Five highly ranked effectsFindings
92% of the respondents agreed that delay problem is major in bridge construction
Frequency of original schedule revision in project period is two and more
The client’s consultant’s and contractor’s contribution to causes of delay is of 19.64%, 8.9% and 12.5% respectively
Site condition and management category is found to be the most critical factor
Time overrun, cost overrun and idling resources are the major effects identified
Difference in opinion for causes and similar views for effects ranking of stakeholders 20
Conclusion
1. Separate site clearance (acquisition) work from construction work & must be finished before estimating cost and schedule for construction phase and bidding work
2. Give high priority to site investigation and site selection
3. BMIS should be made effective4. Make clear responsibilities among parties in the
contract document5. Make planning and scheduling and match with the
resources and time to develop the work 6. Government should run only those projects for which
it can arrange the funds timely and assure continuity
21
Recommendations
23
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