Climate Responsive Building Envelops for Museums and Galleries

IAMFA 2013Climate Responsive Building Envelops for Museums and Galleries

Chris ArkinsEmrah Baki Ulas

STEENSEN VARMING

If a building becomes architecture, then it is art. Clearly if a building is not functionally and technically in order, then it isn’t architecture either, it’s just a building. Arne Jacobsen

Mechanical EngineeringLighting DesignSustainable DesignElectrical Engineering

CopenhagenLondonSydneyHong KongNew York

Level 8, 9 Castlereagh StreetSydney, NSW, 2000, Australiat : +61 / 02 9967 2200e : info@steensenvarming.com

STEENSEN VARMING

Climate Responsive Design

‘Outside the Box’

Varying Climates� New York� Los Angeles� Sydney� Canberra � Hong Kong � Copenhagen� Denmark

‘The Box’

Building Construction� Light / Medium / Heavy Weight� Rate of Change� Building air tightness� Hydroscopic effect of thermal mass

Optimum Solution

‘Inside the Box’

Industry accepted Setpoint vs Rescheduled Setpoints

- The Box

STEENSEN VARMING

Our BoxLake Burley Griffin

Office Wing

Main Entrance

Gallery

King Edward Terrace

STEENSEN VARMING

Our Box

Building Area = 14,577 m² / 160,000 ft²

Gallery Space = 2,929 m²BOH / Store = 671 m²Office/Admin = 1,087 m²Cafe = 249 m²Entry/Foyer = 756 m²Auditorium = 513 m²Car Park / Plnt = 7,873 m²Other = 552 m²

20%4%

7%

2%5%

4%

54%

4%

Gallery

BOH

Office

Café

Entry/Foyer

Auditorium and Function

Car Park and Plant

Other

STEENSEN VARMING

Our Box

44%

9%

16%

4%

11%

8%

8%

Gallery

BOH

Office

Café

Entry/Foyer

Auditorium and Function

Other

Building Area = 14,577 m²

Gallery Space = 2,929 m²BOH / Store = 671 m²Office/Admin = 1,087 m²Cafe = 249 m²Entry/Foyer = 756 m²Auditorium = 513 m²Car Park / Plnt = 7,873 m²Other = 552 m²

STEENSEN VARMING

3D Model

STEENSEN VARMING

Building Zones

STEENSEN VARMING

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

EquipmentLights

People

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sen

sibl

e Lo

ad

MEETING ROOMS

Equipment

Lights

People

Weekday Diversified Load Profiles

Plant Hours

Weekday - 9am to 7pm

Weekend - Off

Design Loads (peak)

People - 33 W/m²Equipment - 10 W/m²

Lights - 15 W/m²

� Diversified loads for people, lights and equipment for each zone� Different load and occupancy profiles for weekdays and weekends� Hours of operation

� 9am -7pm (Non Critical spaces)� 24/7 (Close Control areas)

Load Profiles

STEENSEN VARMING

� Test reference year� Hourly data

Weather DataDirect Solar Vs. Diffuse Solar

Region - Sydney - Relatively Clear Sky

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time of Day

Sol

ar R

adia

tion

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Clo

ud C

over

%(g

rey)

- O

utsi

de a

ir te

mpe

ratu

re °

C (

gree

n)

global diffuse cloud cover Temp

STEENSEN VARMING

‘Outside the Box’

STEENSEN VARMING

‘Outside the Box’

Climates

STEENSEN VARMING

Canberra

STEENSEN VARMING

Sydney

STEENSEN VARMING

Hong Kong

STEENSEN VARMING

Copenhagen

STEENSEN VARMING

New York

STEENSEN VARMING

Los Angeles

STEENSEN VARMING

Temperature Range

STEENSEN VARMING

Results

STEENSEN VARMING

Results

STEENSEN VARMING

Results

STEENSEN VARMING

Results

STEENSEN VARMING

‘The Box’

STEENSEN VARMING

‘The Box’External Wall Constructions

Light Weight� External Cladding� Insulation� Internal Lining

U-Value� 0.28 W/m².K

Thermal Lag� 6.1 hrs

Medium Weight� External Cladding� Insulation� 180mm Core filled Concrete blocks

� Ventilated air gap� Internal lining

U-Value� 0.28 W/m².K

Thermal Lag� 9.0 hrs

Heavy Weight� External Cladding� Insulation� 250mm Core filled Concrete blocks

� Ventilated air gap� Internal lining

U-Value� 0.28 W/m².K

Thermal Lag� 11.5 hrs

Light Weight� Internal lining� Studs� Internal lining

U-Value� 0.28 W/m².K

Thermal Lag� 1.0 hrs

Internal Wall Constructions

Heavy Weight� 180mm Core filled Concrete blocks

U-Value� 0.28 W/m².K

Thermal Lag� 6.9 hrs

Heavy Weight� 250mm Core filled Concrete blocks

U-Value� 0.28 W/m².K

Thermal Lag� 9.3 hrs

STEENSEN VARMING

Mass of Structure

STEENSEN VARMING

Mass of Structure

STEENSEN VARMING

Infiltration

STEENSEN VARMING

Rate of Change

STEENSEN VARMING

Moisture Buffering

Material

Water vapour

permeability

δ

Density

ρ

Moisture capacity

ξ

Calculated moisture

effusivity at 20 °C

bm

kg/(m s Pa) kg/m3 kg/kg kg/(m2 Pa s1/2)

Pine 1 · 10-12 450 0.0800 1.24 · 10-7

Beech 1 · 10-12 700 0.0750 1.50 · 10-7

Oak 1 · 10-12 740 0.0600 1.38 · 10-7

Unfired brick 30 · 10-12 1500 0.0300 7.60 · 10-7

Aerated concrete 30 · 10-12 650 0.0661 7.42 · 10-7

Concrete 2 · 10-12 2300 0.0300 2.43 · 10-7

Yellow brick 15 · 10-12 1680 0.0050 2.32 · 10-7

��� = 0.0568 ∙ �� ∙ � ∙ �� g/(m2 %RH)

� =�∙�∙�

��kg/(m2 Pa s1/2)

STEENSEN VARMING

Hydroscopic Effect of Mass

STEENSEN VARMING

Hydroscopic Effect of Mass

STEENSEN VARMING

Sydney

0,003

0,004

0,005

0,006

0,007

0,008

0,009

0,01

0,011

0,012

0,013

1 745 1489 2233 2977 3721 4465 5209 5953 6697 7441 8185

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t [k

g/k

g d

ry a

ir]

Hour in year

Calculated indoor moisture content in each time step

before adjusting to control set-point

Contemporary gallery - Sydney climate

Inactive surface Hygroscopic surface Moisture set-point

STEENSEN VARMING

Canberra

0,003

0,004

0,005

0,006

0,007

0,008

0,009

0,01

0,011

0,012

1 745 1489 2233 2977 3721 4465 5209 5953 6697 7441 8185

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t [k

g/k

g d

ry a

ir]

Hour in year

Calculated indoor moisture content in each time step

before adjusting to control set-point

Contemporary gallery - Canberra climate

Inactive surface Hygroscopic surface Moisture set-point

STEENSEN VARMING

Hong Kong

0,003

0,005

0,007

0,009

0,011

0,013

0,015

0,017

1 745 1489 2233 2977 3721 4465 5209 5953 6697 7441 8185

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t [k

g/k

g d

ry a

ir]

Hour in year

Calculated indoor moisture content in each time step

before adjusting to control set-point

Contemporary gallery - Hong Kong climate

Inactive surface Hygroscopic surface Moisture set-point

STEENSEN VARMING

Los Angeles

0,003

0,004

0,005

0,006

0,007

0,008

0,009

0,01

0,011

0,012

1 745 1489 2233 2977 3721 4465 5209 5953 6697 7441 8185

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t [k

g/k

g d

ry a

ir]

Hour in year

Calculated indoor moisture content in each time step

before adjusting to control set-point

Contemporary gallery - Los Angeles climate

Inactive surface Hygroscopic surface Moisture set-point

STEENSEN VARMING

New York

0,003

0,004

0,005

0,006

0,007

0,008

0,009

0,01

0,011

0,012

0,013

1 745 1489 2233 2977 3721 4465 5209 5953 6697 7441 8185

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t [k

g/k

g d

ry a

ir]

Hour in year

Calculated indoor moisture content in each time step

before adjusting to control set-point

Contemporary gallery - New York climate

Inactive surface Hygroscopic surface Moisture set-point

STEENSEN VARMING

Copenhagen

0,003

0,004

0,005

0,006

0,007

0,008

0,009

0,01

0,011

0,012

1 745 1489 2233 2977 3721 4465 5209 5953 6697 7441 8185

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t [k

g/k

g d

ry a

ir]

Hour in year

Calculated indoor moisture content in each time step

before adjusting to control set-point

Contemporary gallery - Copenhagen climate

Inactive surface Hygroscopic surface Moisture set-point

STEENSEN VARMING

Hydroscopic Effect of Mass

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Re

lati

ve

en

erg

y s

av

ing

on

hu

mid

ity

co

ntr

ol

Ab

solu

te e

ne

rgy

sa

vin

g o

n h

um

idit

y c

on

tro

l [k

Wh

/ye

ar]

Part of total internal surface area with aerated concrete [%]

Absolut savings Relative savings

30 % corresponding

to total wall area

STEENSEN VARMING

‘Inside the Box’

STEENSEN VARMING

‘Inside the Box’� Industry accepted set point

� 20°C/68°F 50% RH

� Seasonally adjusted set point

� 23°C /73°F 55% RH (Summer)� 21.5°C/70°F 50% RH (Mid Season)� 20°C /68°F 45% RH (Winter)

STEENSEN VARMING

Results

STEENSEN VARMING

Results

STEENSEN VARMING

IAMFA 2013Climate Responsive Design for Museums and Galleries

Chris ArkinsEmrah Baki Ulas steensenvarming.com