Hydro electric power plant

Subject Code : 151906

Name Of Subject : Conventional Power Engg.

Name of Unit : Hydro-Electric Power Plant

Topic : Hydro-Electric Power Plant

Prepared by : Snehal koli

IntroductionEnergy comes in various forms but electrical energy is the most convenient form of energy since it can be transported with ease, generated in a number of different ways, and can be converted into mechanical work or heat energy as and when required.

Types of Power Plants

Thermal Power Plants

Hydro Power Plants

Apart from these main two types there are plants which use nuclear energy, solar energy and even wind energy to generate power.

A generating station which utilises the potential energy of water at a high level for the generation of electrical energy is known as a hydro-electric power station.

HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Sardar Sarovar hydro-electric power project

WORKING OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Hydro-electric power stations are generally located in hilly areas where dams can be built conveniently and large water reservoirs can be obtained. In a hydro-electric power station, water head is created by constructing a dam across a river or lake.

From the dam, water is led to a water turbine. The water turbine captures the energy in the falling water and changes the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy at the turbine shaft. The turbine drives the alternator which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Hydro-electric power stations are becoming very popular because the reserves of fuels (i.e., coal and oil) are depleting day by day. They have the added importance for flood control, storage of water for irrigation and water for drinking purposes.

Hydro Turbine is a Prime mover which converts the Potential Energy in to useful Mechanical energy.

Turbine :

Pelton Wheel Turbine:This type Turbine is used for high Head and lowDischarge (Head above 180 meters.)

Francis turbine (used at RBPH): This type turbine is used for medium head andmedium discharge (head 40 to 400 meters.)

Kaplan Turbine (used at CHPH): This type Turbine is used for low Head and high Discharge (Head 40 to 60 Meters.)

Types of Turbine used :

1.Dam : A barrier across a waterway to control the flow or raise the level of the water.

2.Reservoir : The water is collected into a reservoir or an artificial lake.

3.Gate : The intake gate controls the amount of water flow into the penstock.

4.Rushing water : Hydro electricity is created by the force of falling water (called head),which rushes through the penstock and into the turbine.

5.Penstocks : The penstocks are used to carry the water from the reservoir to the power station.

6.Wicket Gates : The wickets gates direct the rushing water to the turbine blades.

7.Tailrace : The tailrace is the area where the rushing water leaves the station and is returned to the river.

8.Turbine : The turbine contains large blades which are turned by the rushing water,which turn the turbine shaft.

9.Generator : The turning turbine shaft causes the generator to turn , which produces electricity.

10.Transformers : The electricity is passed through a transformers which steps up the voltage and moves it out to the electric grid.

11.Electrical Grid : The electricity is transmitted along a series of wires for ultimate delivery to customers.

12. : If the river contains too much water from spring runoff or heavy rains, it can be released from the reservoir through the spillway.

Thankyou

Created by

SNEHAL KOLI