Rural road

Field Visit to Pharping Humane Sukaura Dam

Site no 1

Road 1Side drainWater management=side drain

Road 2Width=3.5mBearing=280°gradient=10°50’*Water management:Side drain

Road 3Width=4mGradient=6°*Bearing =344°Water mangement:no

Road 4width:=4mRadius=18 m

Site no: 1

Salient features of the road:Location: Region: Central Development Zone: BagmatiDistrict: KathmanduVillage: KharpaChainage: 3+300

Geographical Features:Terrain: HillClimate: sub-tropical

Vegetation: utis, salla, aiselu.

Hydrology: rain fed catchment

Road classification: village earthern road connecting with kharpa. district road black topped (kathmandu-makwanpur)

Cross sectionPavement width: 3-5 meterSide drain: side drain isn’t continuous through out village road*. No side drain in black topped road*.Gradient: 10º50’&6ºRadius of curve: 18.0 m approx.

Cross Drainage structure: Hume pipe (2no)

Stability: unstable during monsoon season

Socioeconomic study: Population was sparse. Cattle raring and farming is done. Provision of road, electricity, drinking water and mobile phone. No nearby hospital. Vegetable and crop transported to pharping bazar through this road

Present Condition of Road: pot holes in pitched road, muddy road (monsoon rain), road to kharpa is in construction phase.

Side drain*

pipe*

Potholes*

Water*

Hume pipe( 2 number)

Suggestion• Side drain should be provided connecting to the lower cross

drainage structure.• The holes of the road pavement should be filled.• Proper launching apron should be made at vertical drop.• Overall the road is in good condition, road should be maintain

properly especially during monsoon season.

Site no 2

Salient features of the road:Location: way to humane bhanjyang.Chainage: 9+000Geographical Features:Terrain: HillClimate: sub-tropicalRock: alternate band of phyllite* and quartzite*, anticline slope*.Bedding: 195°Dip angle: 57°Strike: 98°Slope bearing: 22°Soil layer: thin

Vegetation: utis, salla, aiselu.

Hydrology: rain fed catchment

Road classification: Surface: graveled Cross section:Pavement width: 5 meterSide drain: rectangular concrete side drain. Gradient: 4 degreeCross slope: about 75°Cross Drainage structure: absent

Stability: vulnerable to landslide and differential weathering.

Socioeconomic study: No human settlement

Present Condition of Road: construction of the humane bhanjyang was began in 2046 BS but this part is still being constructed as part of stage construction. The construction material are

kept near road. The excavated material are kept at opposite side of the road or near the

drain.The side drain is being constructed.

Suggestion:• Jute netting in exposed rock surface to control erosion and

plant growth.• Bio-engineering ( horizontal grass plantation ) can be done.• Cross drainage structure can be provided.

Site no. 3

Location: way to kulekhani.Chainage: 9+800 Geographical features:Terrain: HillClimate: sub-tropicalSpecies of Vegetation: utis , aiselu, chilaune, colonizers. Good bioengineering done.Hydrology: rain fed catchment.Classification of road: Surface: graveledCross section:Pavement width: 5mGradient: 7 ºSide drain: rectangular drainBoth combination of the horizontal and vertical curveSocioeconomic study: small settlement was seen and the population was sparse.Present condition: the site drain is choked* and damaged state, a four- storied building* is construted too close to road that limits sight distance and violates right of way, the

discharge of side drain* isn’t done properly.

Suggestion:• Proper disposal of the drain water.• The huge mass of waste soil must be dumped or used for bio-

engineering.• No building should be made within right of way.

Site no. 4

Bottom erosion

site no : 4

Location: Sikaura kholaChainage: 19+100

Geology: Terrain: HillClimate: sub-tropicalSoil: colluvial deposits with hard boulders, it lies in landslide zone.

Surface: residual soil deposit.

Hydrology: rain fed and river.

Cross sectionPavement width: 4m approx.Cross drainage structure: noCivil engineering structure: check dam

Species of Vegetation: utis , chilaune, colonizers.

Socioeconomic study: population was thin.

Present condition: the slope is unstable. Huge boulders are observed at the site slope which may fall during this monsoon season. The check dam provided isn’t working well. Launching aprons, v-notch isn’t provided*. Keying is not done*.side cutting and under

cutting. The scars of landslide were observed.

Suggestion:• Barrier and fence can be provided.• Use of mesh and cable nets• The river bank can be lined with boulder.• Rip-rap can be provided at up-stream.

Site no.5

Site no : 5

Location: dakshinkali-hetauda roadChainage: 25+000

Geolographic features:Terrain: hillClimate: sub-tropicalSoil: alluvial deposited with stone*.Stability: active landslide area, debris.Surface: bituminous road

Cross section:Pavement width: 3.5mNo side drain and cross drainage structure

Civil engineering structure: retaining wall about 14 m tall.

Socioeconomic study: medium human settlement. Major occupation farming.

Suggestion:• Side drain can be provided.• Cross drainage structure can be

provided.• Bio- engineering can be done.

Site no 6

Stone pebbles

N

Site no : 6

Location: way back to dakshinkaali.Chainage: 21+500 Geology:Terrain: HillClimate: sub-tropicalRock type: Soil: rocky. Vegetation: little grass Surface: bituminousCross section:Pavement width: 4mCross slope: 70ºRadius of loop: about 6m*.

Socioeconomic study: few houses in cluster form on both uphill and downhill.

Present condition: A box cutting caused less sight-distance. The pieces of rock from side slope are falling into the road. No drain system. Rain water flow through road. Shoulder is covered by stones*.

Suggestion:• Barrier and fence can be provided.• Use of mesh and cable nets.• Side drain should be constructed.• Bio-engineering (horizontal grass) should be done.• Shoulder should be restored.

Site no 7

Up-hill: farming and settlement

Downhill: forest

Site no : 7

Location: sisneriRegion: central development regionZone: NarayaniDistrict: MakwanpurChainage: 0+500

Geographic features:Terrain: hillClimate: subtropicalStability: moderate landslide and flood hazard severity.

Cross section:Pavement width: about 4.5msurface: bituminous roadSlope : steepNo side and cross drainage structureSocioeconomic study: uphill there are houses and farm. Downhill is a forest. Loose population. Major occupation is farming and animal husbandry.Present condition: in this monsoon season major problem of landslide* and the debris. No side-drain so water flow through road to downhill which create gullies.

Suggestion:• At gullies drain should be constructed.• Cross-drainage structure should be provided to

discharge storm water downhill from drain.• Side drain also can be made.• If soil deposit is compulsory, proper retaining

structure should be provided.• Bio-engineering can be done for slope

stabilization.

Site 8

Site no : 8

Location: Dakshinkali Region: central development regionZone: BagmatiDistrict: KathmanduChainage: 0+000 Geographic features:Terrain: hillClimate: sub-tropical Water management: three bridges

Socioeconomic study: being such an important place there is the best settlement and dense population . There is a flow of people , good, etc. peole are involved in business of hotels, souvenir shops, flower shops, jadi-buti, toys shop for children

Ghat

toilet

Waste material

Wastage (sacrfied animal)

Suggestion:• Proper management of the waste material should be done.• Dust bins should be provided.

** * * T H A N K Y O U * * * *