Scada and power system automation

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-Presented byShubham Kapoor3rd Year (6th SEMESTER)Electrical and Electronics Engineering Roll No. 1274521010

www.free-ppt -templates.com SCADA

S What is SCADA??

S History of Scada

S Common Components of Scada

S System Components of Scada

S Future trends in Scada

-continue

Power system automationS Electrical power systemS What is power system automationS Automation tasksS IEDsS Automation processS Advantages S DisadvantagesS ApplicationsS Conclusion

Supervisory

Control

Acquisition

According to WikipediaScada is ” SCADA is a system operating with coded signals over communication channels so as to provide control of remote equipment (using typically one communication channel per remote station).”

EXAMPLE OF SCADA

1940 1950 1960 1965 1970

Electric utility

systems

Telemetry and control

Development

General Electric and Control Corporation

Solid state devices were

developed

Advanced Telemetry

• Remote Terminal Unit(RTU)• Programmable logic Controller(PLC)• Telemetry system• Human machine interface• Data Acquisition Server• A supervisory (computer) system, gathering

(acquiring) data on the process and sending commands (control) to the SCADA system.

• Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory system to the remote terminal units.

• Various process and analytical instrumentation.

• Remote

• Terminal

• Unit

A remote terminal unit (RTU) isa microprocessor-controlledelectronic device that interfacesobjects in the physical world toa distributed control systemor SCADA (supervisory controland data acquisition) system bytransmitting telemetry data to amaster system, and by usingmessages from the mastersupervisory system to controlconnected objects. Another termthat may be used for RTUis remote telecontrol unit.

1.Single board RTU

2.Modular RTU

Which is compact, and contains all I/Oon a single board. The single board RTUnormally has fixed I/O (eg.16 digitalinputs, 8 digital outputs, 8 analogue inputs, andsay 4 analogue outputs).

which has a separate CPU module, and can have other modules added, normally by plugging into a common "backplane" (a bit like a PC motherboard and plug in peripheral cards) is designed to be expanded by adding additional modules.

• Power supply• Digital or Status inputs• Analog inputs• Digital (control) outputs• Analog outputs• Software and logic control• Communications

IED communications Master communications

A programmable logic controller, PLC or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of typically industrial electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or light fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines.

• Human MachineInterface commonlyknown as HMI aredeployed for controland visualizationinterface between ahuman and a process,machine, application andappliance. Increasingly,HMIs are becoming anintegral part of FactoryAutomation.

• Network

www.free-ppt -templates.com Communication and software

S The SCADA consist of Hardware and Software components.

S The hardware collects and feed data into a

computer with SCADA software installed.

S The data is then processed by the computer before presenting it in a timely manner.

www.free-ppt -templates.com A structured set of data is held in a

computer for the future reference

RTU(remote terminal unit)

Data Acquisition

Server

User interface (HMI)

CommunicationsEquipment and software

FUTURE

First generation: "Monolithic“

Second generation: "Distributed“

Third generation: "Networked"

www.free-ppt -templates.com First generation: "Monolithic"

• In the first generation, computing was done by mainframe computers.

• Networks did not exist at the time SCADA was developed.

• Thus SCADA systems were independent systems with no connectivity to other systems. Wide Area Networks were later designed by RTU vendors to communicate with the RTU.

• The first-generation SCADA system was redundant since a back-up mainframe system was connected at the bus level and was used in the event of failure of the primary mainframe system.

FUTURE TRENDS IN SCADA

www.free-ppt -templates.com Second generation: "Distributed"

The processing was distributed across multiple stations which were connected through a LAN and they shared information in real time.

Each station was responsible for a particular task thus making the size and cost of each station less than the one used in First Generation.

Third generation: "Networked"

Due to the usage of standard protocols and the fact that many networked SCADA systems are accessible from the Internet, the systems are potentially vulnerable to remote attack.

Power-system automation is the act of automatically controlling the power system via instrumentation and control devices. Substation automation refers to using data from Intelligent electronic devices (IED), control and automation capabilities within the substation, and control commands from remote users to control power-system devices.

• Data acquisition

• Power System Supervision

• Power System Control

• Power System Automation

• I&C System IEDs

Any device incorporatingone or more processorswith the capability toreceive or senddata/control from or toan external source (e.g.,electronic multifunctionmeters, digital relays,controllers)

Instrument transformers areused to sense power systemcurrent and voltage values. Theyare physically connected topower system apparatus andconvert the actual power systemsignals, which include highvoltage and current magnitudes,down to lower signal levels

Transducers convert the analog output of an instrument transformer from one magnitude to another or from one value type to another, such as from an ac current to dc voltage.

A communications switch is adevice that switches betweenseveral serial ports when it istold to do so. The remote userinitiates communications withthe port switch via a connectionto the substation, typically aleased line or dial-up telephoneconnection. Once connected, theuser can route theircommunications through theport switch to one of theconnected substation IEDs. Theport switch merely “passesthrough” the IEDcommunications.

A meter is an IED that isused to create accuratemeasurements of powersystem current, voltage, andpower values. Meteringvalues such as demand andpeak are saved within themeter to create historicalinformation about theactivity of the power system

A digital fault recorder(DFR), is an IED thatrecords information aboutpower system disturbances.It is capable of storingdata in a digital formatwhen triggered byconditions detected on thepower system. Harmonics,frequency, and voltage areexamples of data capturedby DFRs.

Load tap changers aredevices used tochange the tapposition ontransformers. Thesedevices workautomatically or canbe controlled viaanother local IED orfrom a remoteoperator or process.

Re closer controllersremotely control theoperation of automatedre closers and switches.These devices monitorand store power systemconditions and determinewhen to perform controlactions. They also acceptcommands from a remoteoperator or process.

www.free-ppt -templates.com A time synchronization source is

an IED that creates a time-of-day value which is then broadcastto the IEDs in order to set alltheir clocks to the same time.

IEDs communicate over serialconnections by speaking a particularlanguage or protocol. A protocolgateway converts communicationsfrom one protocol to another. Thistask is often performed by softwareon a personal computer.

A protective relay is anIED designed to sensepower system disturbancesand automatically performcontrol actions on the I&Csystem and the powersystem to protectpersonnel and equipment.

SEL-351 Relay

A communicationsprocessor is asubstation controllerthat incorporates thefunctions of manyother I&C devicesinto one IED. SEL-2030 Communications Processor

A smart grid is a modernized electrical gridthat uses analogue or digital information andcommunications technology to gather and acton information, such as information about thebehaviours of suppliers and consumers, in anautomated fashion to improve the efficiency,reliability, economics, and sustainability ofthe production and distribution of electricity.Electronic power conditioning and control ofthe production and distribution of electricityare important aspects of the smart grid.

A smart meter is usuallyan electronic device thatrecords consumption ofelectric energy inintervals of an hour orless and communicatesthat information at leastdaily back to the utilityfor monitoring and billing.

• In an electric powersystem, automaticgeneration control(AGC) is a system foradjusting the poweroutput of multiplegenerators atdifferent power plants,in response to changesin the load.

The government of India has decided to integrate all the state power utilities. Unified load dispatch Centre has to be build. So automation has lot more advantages as it increases efficiency and increase standardization. India is moving ahead toward automation are you??

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