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History of Video Games
By: Héctor Muñoz-Avila
Sources:• Gamespot.com• investor.about.com• emuunlim.com• designboom.com• Wikipedia• my own
Introduction
• Some ideas in the 1948• First video game:
– Tennis game in an Oscilloscope– Space game on DEC-1
• Current videogames:– Half Life 2
• In between:– Space Invaders: http://www.spaceinvaders.de/
Chess Origins
• 1769 Fake chess machine• 1952 Turing design a chess
algorithm • 1956 Maniac versus Human
Origins of Some Companies
• 1889 company create card game:
• 1932 COLECO (short for Connecticut Leather Company
• 1947 Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Company:
• 1954 David Rosen makes machines for GI’s in JapanSony
Nintendo (“leave luck to heaven”)
(Service Games) SEGA
Other Origins
• 1951 Ralph Baer (@Loral) suggest adding game to TV
– May be considered the inventor of video games
– Only until 1967 he realized his dream of an “intereactive television”
• 1952 A.S.Douglas (@Cambridge): Interactive Tic Tac Toe
• 1958 Willy Higinbotham (@brookhaven national laboratory): Oscilloscope
Other Origins (II)
• 1961 Steve Russell (@MIT) creates space war
“If I hadn't done it, someone would've done something equally exciting if not better in the next six months. I just happened to get there first. - Steve Russell
Space War Legacy1971 Bill Pitts and Hugh Tuck formed Computer Recreations
Galaxy Game Cost: $20KPlay cost: 10 centBuilt: dozens
1972 Noland Bushnell and Ted Dabney (@Nutting Associates)
Galaxy Game Built: 1.5K 1972
PONGBuilt: 10K“Breaks down”
Early Games
• Pong (http://www.apn.gr/pong.html)
• 1972 Magnavox builds Odyssey
Early Stages: 1976-1977
• COLECO builds TELSTAR
• Cartridges are born (Fairchild Camera & Instrument: Channel F)
• Atari bought by Warner Communications ($28M)– Atari releases first console (later known as Atari 2600)
Early Stages 1977-78
• Nintendo releases Othello (http://www.mattelothello.com/)• Taito creates Space Invaders!
– Midway bought license
• Apple and Atari release PCs– But Atari is seen as a gaming company
The Golden Age 1979-1981
• Atari releases Asteroids!
• Frogger, Konami/Sega, 1981
• Pac-Man, Bally/Midway, 1980
• Donkey Kong, Nintendo, 1981
• Namco releases Pac-Man, 1982 (+300K machines sold)
– Own television show
• US Army commissions Atari for a tank simulation game– Start of a long enduring activity (Lehigh included!)
• Nintendo releases first console in 1981• http://www.tripletsandus.com/80s/80s_games/
The Great Crash 1982-1984
• The Commodore 64 PC is released• Coleco releases the Adam PC• Too many competitors small and large saturate the market
– 1982 Warner Corp. stock fell 32% after Atari announces les-that-expected sells of consoles
– Atari sold to Jack Tramiel (owner of Commodore)– New company: Atari Corp. pulls from Console market
• Bright spot: Nintendo releases famicon does well in Japan
The Return of the Video Games 1985-1988
• Nintendo releases NES
– Met with skepticism by market observers
– Turns out to be an instant hit
– Legend of Zelda
• http://www.nintendoland.com/zelda/home.htm
• Apple releases the Mac, Atari releases 520ST
– Who won?
• Tetris is released! – http://www.miniclip.com/tetris.htm
• Coleco files for bankruptcy
•1985 MS releases Windows•PC as a gaming platform
The Story Continues
• 1989 Nintendo releases Gameboy, Sega releases Genesis
• 1991 Nintendo releases SNES, Sega releases Sonic• 1993 32-bit consoles
– Nintendo releases Mortal Combat!
• 1999-2001 Playstation 2, Gamecube, Xbox
What’s Left?
• PC Games– We will cover these in coming classes but by
Genre:• FPS• RTS• RPG (including MMO)
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