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DEVELOPMENT
&
ENVIRONMENT
Asst. Prof. Sandeep KulkarniDept. of Environmental StudiesK. J. Somaiya College of Arts & Commerce, Mumbai
FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENT
EFFECTS OF RISING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ON ENVIRONMENT
Population with access to safe water Percent
100
80
60
40 100 1,000 10,000 1,00,000
Per capita income ($ log scale)
EFFECTS OF RISING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ON ENVIRONMENT
Urban Population with adequate sanitation
Percent
100
90
80
70
100 1,000 10,0001,00,000
Per capita income ($ log scale)
EFFECTS OF RISING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ON ENVIRONMENT
Carbon dioxide emissions per capitaTons
30
20
10
0
100 1,000 10,000 1,00,000Per capita income ($ log scale)
EFFECTS OF RISING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ON ENVIRONMENT
Organic water pollutants per capitakg per capita
8
6
4
2
0
100 1,000 10,000 1,00,000Per capita income ($ log scale)
EXPLANATION:1) As income rises some environmental
problems decline.
2) As income rises some environmental problems initially worsen but then improves.
3) As income rises some environmental problems worsen.
4) Relation between income & environmental problem is alterable.
5) ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE - A
Urban concentration of particulate matterPPM
1800
1200
600
0
100 1,000 10,000 1,00,000
Per capita income ($ log scale)
5) ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE - B
Urban concentration of sulphur dioxidePPM
30
20
10
0
100 1,000 10,000 1,00,000
Per capita income ($ log scale)
CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION:
What is expected ?
POLICIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Removing distortions Proving property rights Penalty for polluters Regulations of technology use in some
industries EIA for public expenditures Removing impediments to action (Counteracting political pressure, improving information, involving local people)
Mind Pollution is more dangerous than Environmental Pollution, purify the mind first, rest will be managed by Environment
Mind Pollution is more dangerous than Environmental Pollution, purify the mind first, rest will be managed by Environment
BE HAPPY !!!
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