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Emergency Sanitation Services (During and post Disaster)
learning from Nepal's EarthquakeRajit Ojha
Two critical questions before we start
How can we make our Sanitation Service Resilient?(Disaster Risk Reduction)
How can we be able to respond quickly during emergencies(Disaster Response)
Response in Emergencies
Damage from the earthquake
• Key damages in our sectors-–5015 Schemes of water Supply affecting
more than 3 million Population
–More than 350,000 toilets
Impacts after Damages
• Vulnerability of the people towards health hazards• Financial losses in terms of cost recovery• Opportunity losses in terms of time saving (In Basic
water supply)• Possible shift from No open defecation to open
defecation• 2017 basic water supply and sanitation a national
goal(questionable now? Should we think of revising our targets?)
Characteristics of Sanitation services to be provided during
Emergency• Should be addressing the
need of vulnerable people(CGD friendly)
• Clean with all accessories available and Water Supply facilities.
• Water borne disease were pretty less because of high intervention in WASH
• Quick fix, easy to construct
Location : Timure,Rasuwa
Ready to install (RTI) toilet
• The inner dimension of casing 32 x 36 inches and height is 5 feet 9 inches.
• Features of RTI casing are: – Cost effective – Durable – Light in weight (31 kg) – Portable and Foldable (five pieces) – Easy and quick to install (Takes 2-3
hours to install)
Source: ENPHO
Types of superstructures
Bamboo and CGI sheet
Double pan CGI sheet
Use of local materials
Source: ENPHO
Bamboo
SaTo Pan
• Innovative Technology used during this earthquake
• Based on "Gravity Cleaning Mechanism"
• Easy• Less water consumed• Can be brought to regular
development works where there is water scarcity
In the light of Earthquake
• It is now necessary for us to think construction in a different manner
• Sanitation has taken a new height in Nepal but not in terms of technology its in terms of awareness only
• Provide resilient technology to communities• Risk Based Approach• Segregation of data of local risk and integrate it
with design
The Modified Disaster Cycle
05/03/2023
Response
Preparedness
Reconstruction
RecoveryMitigation
Prevention
1970’s
1970’s
1970’s1980’s
1980’s2000’s
1990’s
12
Risk Based Approach
Example of Project selection
Provide low water technologies such as SaTo Pan, EcoSan and integrate it with behavioral change
Nepal ranked-30th with respect to flood
High rise toilets , prevention from water contamanitation
Conclusion
• In Response quick fix solution and more focus on vulnerable people
• Possibility of Integration of Emergency technology into development works such as SaTo Pan
• Risk based planning nationally and locally
Thank You and Suggestions ??
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