Natural Capital, GIS, Earth Economics

GIS in Natural Capital Valuation and Beyond

The Value of Natural Capital: Theory,

Practice, and Policy

Overlay

Terminology and Overview of GIS • Uses of GIS

Data analysis

Design/Planning

Cartography/Visualization

Participatory GIS

Data creation

• Types of Data

Point Data

Line Data

Polygon Data

Raster Data

• Operations

Arc Toolbox

Overlay

Batch Processing

Huff Model

Summary Statistics

Selecting and Exporting Data

Editor

Geocoding/Digitizing

Buffering

• Other important words:

Python Scripts

“Geodesign”

Spatial Statistics

Cool GIS Links • Mapping Applications

Social Explorer

Food Access Research Atlas

Age of Humans “Story Map”

Map of Play

Discover the Forest

Oh Ranger!

California Water Rights

• Cool GIS Projects

Bay Game

Hestia Project

National Geographic: Field Expedition

Work Flow Diagram

Study Overview • $90,000 RFP, 5 Modules, 8 months

Economic Contribution of all outdoor recreation in Washington State

Economic Contribution of outdoor recreation on Washington State public lands

Economic Contribution of outdoor recreation on Washington State private lands

Economic Impact of expenditures on outdoor recreation by non-local visitors

Economic Value of recreation-related ecosystem services

All Modules with results broken down by State-wide, County, Legislative District, Activities,

Managing Entities, Visitor Types

• $21.6 Billion in annual expenditures; $20.5 billion in economic contributions

• 200,000 jobs

• $9.1 billion in out-of-state “leakages”

• 56 Days of recreation per year per Washingtonian

• 19 million acres of public recreation land provide $115 to $248

billion in ecosystem service benefits per year

Washington State: 6th in the Nation for

Outdoor Recreation Economy

Washington State: Tied for Last in State Level Investment

Public Outdoor Recreation Lands & Non-Public Timberland

Private Outdoor Recreation

Ecosystem Services • $115 billion to $248 billion in ecosystem service benefits per year

• Consumer Surplus of $19.6 billion to $31.2 billion

Sample Map Distributed to All Legislators

Outdoor Recreation Businesses

Outdoor Recreation as an Economic Driver

• Redistribution of Wealth from Urban to Rural Areas

• Outdoor recreation economic activity influences all sectors

• Tourists inject extra money into the economy, while using few

taxpayer resources

• Outdoor recreation is something that all classes, ages, races, and

political parties share

• Outdoor recreation provides immense physical and mental health

benefits

• Outdoor recreation provides a funding mechanism for conservation

of natural capital

Case Study: Florham Park, New Jersey • Objective: Use ESV to measure the potential benefits of restoration

and recreational access to a 96 acre Property

Figure 1. The Project Site outlined in purple, north of Route

24 (thick yellow) and south of the Columbia Turnpike 510.

Inset: Location of the Project Site in Northeast USA, 30

miles west of New York City

Case Study: Characterization of Land Cover

Land Cover

Area in Present State (Acres)

Area in

Hypothetical

Restoration Plan (Acres)

Forest 36 57

Wetland 45 19

Grassland

/ Shrub 11 18

Developed <1 0

Fresh Water

Total 96 96

Case Study: Selection of Studies “Before” Scenario “After” Scenario

Regulating

Biological Control 2 2 2 2

Climate Stability 1 1 1 1 1 1

Moderation of

Extreme Events 1 1 1 1 1

Soil Retention 4 4

Waste Treatment 1 1 1 1 1 1

Water Regulation 1 1

Supporting Habitat and

Nursery 1 2 1 1

Information

Aesthetic

Information 3 4 3 1 4

Recreation and

Tourism 2 1 2

Science and

Education 1

Ecosystem service not produced by land cover

Ecosystem service produced by land cover, but not able to be valued

n Ecosystem service produced by land cover with number (n) of available estimates

Table 4. Ecosystem Services represented in the Earth Economics EVT

Case Study: Conversion of Value

($/acre/year)

($/acre/year) Low ($/year) High ($/year)

Forest 36 4,319 10,043 156,852 364,731

Wetland 45 17,038 25,044 759,903 1,116,981

Grassland/Shrub 11 24,053 25,726 256,925 274,796

Developed 0 - - - -

Fresh Water 4 - - - -

Total 96 1,173,679 1,756,508

($/acre/year)

($/acre/year) Low ($/year) High ($/year)

Forest 57 4,811 11,064 275,083 632,701

Wetland 19 67,164 85,281 1,288,257 1,635,759

Grassland/

Shrub 18 41,462 43,135 760,933 791,639

Developed - - - - -

Fresh Water 1 24,803 57,130 30,260 69,699

Total 96 2,354,534 3,129,799

Table 6. The Value of Ecosystem Services Produced on the Project Site by Land Cover Type following

the Hypothetical Restoration Plan

Table 5. The Value of Ecosystem Services Produced on the Project Site by Land Cover Type in the

Present State

Case Study: Maximizing Returns

Case Study: Visualizing Returns

Ecosystem Service Focus: Recreation

• USGS Protected Area Database has

comprehensive set of conservation and recreation

• ArcMap Huff Model determines probability of

visitation given “competing” sites (inputs: census

blocks, protected areas, and geographic

boundary)

FEMA and Flood Risk Reduction

Figure 2. Project Site providing flood risk reduction, a directional

ecosystem service, to downstream FEMA Flood Areas

• In 2013, all national flood policy for benefit-cost analysis adopted Earth Economics values and

methodology to recognize ecosystem services (including outdoor recreation) as a benefit to

flood-plain buyouts

http://www.upworthy.com/7-deadly-sins-map-how-does-your-state-stack-up

Natural Capital, GIS, Earth Economics

Environment

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