View
42
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Emerging impact of direct dry-seeded rice in the semi-arid region of IndiaJB Soriano1, SP Wani1, AN Rao2, KH Anantha1, KL Sahrawat1, JAC Gowda1, A Rathore1
1International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru - 502 324, Telangana State, India2ICRISAT Development Center and International Rice Research Institute -South Asia Hub at ICRISAT, Patancheru - 502 324, Telangana State, India
Around 24 million ha of the 141 million ha cultivable lands of India are kept fallow in some cropping season of the year due to limited canal water supply, insufficient rainfall and lackof resources for cultivation. Fallow paddy fields can be used for growing crops during the post-rainy season by utilizing residual moisture and improved nutrient management practiceswith minimum supplemental irrigation. Improving the production of food crops to meet the increasing demand, enhancing resource use efficiency and farm income, and sustainingbetter rice-based cropping systems are major challenges in the semi-arid region that should be addressed extensively.
Field studies were conducted inRaichur district of Karnatakastate, India to assess theperformance of direct dry-seeded rice cultivars (SambaMahsuri, Gangavathi Sona andPrasanna) during the rainyseason 2013 and 2014 inrotation with dryland crops(chickpea, mustard and greengram) following rice during the2013-14 and 2014-15 post-rainyseasons.
Sowing in zero-tilled field DDSR field Chickpea Green Gram Mustard
DDSR field at vegetative stage
Performance of DDSR-based cropping systems
a Mean grain yield of Gangavathi Sona; b Mean results of transplanted rice (TPR) system from 15 rice farmers within the experimental site; c Significance levels compared totransplanted rice: ns P>0.05, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01.
Production or cropping system
Mean grain yield (t ha
-1) Rice
equivalent yield
(t ha-1
yr-1
)
Production efficiency
(%)
Productivity Cost of
production (US$ ha
-1 yr
-1)
Net returns (US$ ha
-1 yr
-1)
B: C ratio
Economic efficiency
(%) Rainy
season
Post- rainy
season
Land (US$ ha
-1)
Water (US$ m
-3
water ha-1
)
Labor (US$ ha
-1)
DDSRa - Chickpea 4.08 1.06 5.28 *
c 19 2,693 ** 0.26 ** 432 ns 680 * 2,013 ** 2.9:1 34
DDSR - Mustard 4.08 0.28 4.54 ns 2 2,317 ** 0.23 ** 415 ns 607 ** 1,710 ns 2.8:1 14
DDSR - Green Gram 4.08 0.48 5.00 * 13 2,548 ** 0.25 ** 460 ns 640 * 1,907 ** 2.9:1 27
Transplanted Riceb 4.43 - 4.43 - 2,194 0.16 424 753 1,504 2.0:1 -
Conclusion
Cropping system involving direct dry-seeding of Gangavathi Sona, followed bychickpea achieved higher productionefficiency, land and water productivity,and economic returns compared to TPRsystem.
• The yield difference among dryland crops was attributed to bothbiomass production and harvest index
Yield, biomass and harvest index
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
2013 2014
Gra
in y
ield
(t
ha-1
)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
2013 2014
Abo
ve-g
roun
d bi
omas
s (t
ha-1
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2013 2014
Har
vest
inde
x (%
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
2013-14 2014-15
Gra
in y
ield
(t
ha-1
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2013-14 2014-15
Abo
ve-g
roun
d bi
omas
s (t
ha-1
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2013-14 2014-15
Har
vest
inde
x (%
)
Chickpea Mustard Green Gram
ab a
b
a a
b
a
c
b
b a
c
a a
a
b a
b
a a a
a
c
b
a
b
a
a
b
b
a
b b
a
b ab
Resource use
• Medium maturing rice cultivars must be used if sowing time can be done within the month of June, whileearly maturing rice cultivars is recommended if sowing time can be done between 1st and 2nd week of July
• Sowing of chickpea and green gram can be done from 4th week of October up to 2nd week of November, whilesowing of mustard must be adjusted from 4th week of October until 1st week of November
20
60
100
140
180
2013 2014
Land
use
(day
ha-1
)
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
2013 2014
Wat
er u
se (m
3ha
-1)
54
58
62
66
70
2013 2014
Labo
r us
e (d
ay h
a-1)
0
10
20
30
40
2013-14 2014-15
Labo
r us
e (d
ay h
a-1)
Chickpea Mustard Green Gram
0
100
200
300
400
2013-14 2014-15
Wat
er u
se (m
3ha
-1)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2013-14 2014-15
Land
use
(day
ha-1
)
a
b
c
a a
c
b
c
a
a
c
b
a a a
a a a
a b b a a
b
a b c
a b c
a b
c a a
b
DDSR field at vegetative stage
This study was carried out as part of the Bhoo-Samrudhi project which was initiated by the Government of Karnataka and coordinated by ICRISAT Development Center with the participation of various CGIARinstitutions including IRRI, Joint Department of Agriculture and University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur, Karnataka state, India. Valuable support of the participating farmers during the conduct of the fieldexperiments is much appreciated.
Recommended