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CULTURAL AND SOCIETAL BARRIERS AND OBSTACLES TO
SERVICES AND BEST PRACTICES
NOVEMBER 15, 2016
Lillian Agbeyegbe, DrPH, CHES, CPHExecutive Director
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
• Discuss cultural reflections on faith and community values, and their impact on seeking services.
• Societal obstacles to seeking services.
• Discussion on best practices – both academic and intuitively.
OUTLINE
• Understanding the African Immigrant
• Cultural and Faith Perspective on Community Services
• Societal obstacles to Seeking Services
• Best Practices – Academic and Intuitive
WHO IS AN AFRICAN IMMIGRANT?
WHO IS AN AFRICAN IMMIGRANT?
A NON-MONOLITHIC GROUP
African Immigrant
Faith
LanguageCulture/Patriarchal
Education
A NON-MONOLITHIC GROUP
African Immigrant
Immigration Status
EmploymentAcculturation/Isolation
Strong Family Values
African Immigrant
Marriage
Intimate Partner Violence Services
MARRIAGE
Non-African Immigrant
Perspective: Two partners Involved
Priority:Individuals
Practice: Respond to individual discontentment
MARRIAGE
African Immigrant (Culture)
Perspective:Two families/ communities
Priority:Community/family harmony
Practice: Protect family image
MARRIAGE
African Immigrant (Faith)
Perspective: An everlasting union
Priority: Save marriage at all cost
Practice: Overlook and endure
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE – NON-AFRICAN IMMIGRANT
Perspective •Physical and Non-Physical•Unacceptable
Priority •Remove self and children•Seek help as necessary
Practice •Law enforcement•Legal
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE – AFRICAN IMMIGRANT
Perspective •Mainly physical•Should be tolerated
Priority •No “dirty linen” in public•Maintain “all is well” image
Practice •Non-disclosure•Seek faith family intervention
SERVICES
Food Stamps
A means to an endPERSPEC
TIVE
• Not culturally acceptable• For those “suffering”
Ensure continuity in ability to functionPRIORITY
• Maintain appearances
Seek services as necessaryPRACTIC
E
• Do not seek services• Do not accept when offered
SOCIETAL OBSTACLES - AWARENESS
Individual Perception
•Perceived Susceptability•Perceived Severity
Modifying Factors
• Demographic variables
• Knowledge• Cues to Action
Likelihood of Action
•Perceived Benefits•Perceived Barrier
Health Belief Model – 1950 by Hochbaum, Rosenstock and Kegels
SOCIETAL OBSTACLES - AWARENESS
Behavior
Environmental Factors
Personal Factors
• Social Cognitive Theory – Albert Bandura (1986, 1997)
• Reciprocal Determinism
• Self-Efficacy
SOCIETAL OBSTACLES – LAW ENFORCEMENT
Amadou Diallo, Tamir Rice, Eric Garner, Aaron Sterling, Rumain Brisbon, Akai Gurley, Sean Bell
SOCIETAL OBSTACLES – LAW ENFORCEMENT
• Trust
• Gender
• Training
SOCIETAL OBSTACLES – LEGAL
Intimidating
Overwhelming
Unaffordable
SOCIETAL OBSTACLES – IMMIGRATION
Spousal VisaNo Documents
VAWAU-Visa
BEST PRACTICES– ACADEMIC
• Awareness of their values, beliefs and biases
• Knowledge of their clients’ values, belief and cultural practices
• Skills to use culturally appropriate and sensitive intervention strategies
BEST PRACTICES– ACADEMIC
• Greater value for “Risk to others”
• “Barriers” more important than “Risk”
BEST PRACTICES– ACADEMIC
• Value on Spirituality
• Lack of trust in system
• Encourage greater collaboration and community participation
BEST PRACTICES– ACADEMIC
• Go to family; Go to cultural/social leaders; Go outside community
• Ally with “Progressive” leaders; Engage Women and leaders; Community Outreach
BEST PRACTICE – RISK COMMUNICATION
Risk communication is an interactive process of exchange of information and opinion among individuals, groups, and institutions. It involves multiple messages about the nature of risk and other messages, not strictly about risk, that express concerns, opinions, or reactions to risk messages or to legal and institutional arrangements for risk management.”
- National Research Council Committee (1989)
Professional Knowledge
African Immigrant Fear
BEST PRACTICES– INTUITION
Building Survivor Trust•Beyond “Statistics”
•Reality outside “Domestic Violence” Industry
BEST PRACTICES– INTUITION
SurvivorEducated
Embraces “Foreign” Culture
“Rejects” Own Culture
Not-EducatedMaintains Own Culture
Embraces Foreign Culture
Building Community Trust
ENGAGING RESEARCHERS
African –born Immigrants Not African-American
Study as distinct population
CALL TO ACTION
•Two-way communicationC•Incorporate information into programsI•Community-wide educationE•Research to document population-specific knowledgeR
ContactLillian Agbeyegbe, DrPH, CHES, CPH
lilagbeyegbe@gmail.comwww.therestofalife.com
Tel: 469-878-6834
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