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DISABILITY DIGITAL DIVIDE: AN ANALYSIS ON SRI LANKA
THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ASIAN STUDIES 201520-21 JUNE, 2015, NIGATA, JAPAN
CHALLENGES AND ISSUES IN THE 21 ST CENTURY: ASIAN PERSPECTIVES
Nirosha Wedasinghe PhD (Reading)General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University -Sri Lanka
Introduction
Disability digital divide is a pertinent topic
discuss in Sri Lanka.
Due to three decades of civil war many civilians become disabled
This study analyses the findings on disability and technology adoption among the disabled community in Sri Lanka.
Research Methodology
Approach
Research Strategy
Sample Collection
N = 494 participants
from SLLI Unit of Sri Lanka Army (Panagoda) and Ranaviru Appral
(Yakkala)
Field survey Literature
surveyObservation
Data Analysis
• Evaluated with technology
adoption theory• Analysis on theory with the
findings
Theory used for this study
Rogers’ diffusion of innovations theory
DDI Measurement-Phase 01Type of Users Dependent
VariableRange of theDigital Divide Index
1. ICT Innovators DDI1 0.8 < DDI > 1.0
2. Early ICT Adopters
DDI2 0.6 < DDI > 0.8
3. Early Majority ICT Adopters
DDI3 DDI3 0.4 < DDI> 0.6
4. Late Majority ICT Adopters
DDI4 DDI4 0.2 < DDI> 0.4
5. Laggards in Adopting ICT
DDI5 DDI5 0.0 < DDI > 0.2
Level of Adoption of Basic ICT (B Basic ICT Facilities ICT) = Basic ICT Facilities/ 3 (i) Level of Adoption of Intermediate ICT (I Intermediate ICT Facilities ICT) = Intermediate ICT Facilities/ 4 (ii) Level of Adoption of Advanced ICT (A Advanced ICT Facilities ICT) =Advance ICT Facilities/ 3 (iii)
Descriptive Statistics-Phase 01Description Type Mean Medium ModeCurrent ICT Knowledge
Age
25 Low Low
25 Low Low
28 Low Low
English Knowledge Management Level
Relevance of IT for Job related activities
Age
29 Medium Office Package
30 Medium Office Package
27 Medium Office Package
Management Level Type of Work
Interest of ICT for future - (yes)
Age
25 Low
25 Medium
24 MediumManagement
Level
Adoption on ICT FacilitiesBasic Level Intermediate
Level
Advanced Level
Tele
phone U
se
Web A
ccess
Com
pute
r U
seO
ffice a
pplicati
on
Use
Mult
imedia
use
Scre
en r
eader
Soft
ware
use
Socia
l m
edia
use
IT A
dm
inis
trati
on
S/W
Desi
gn D
e-velo
pm
ent
rela
ted
Hig
h-t
ech S
/W U
se
B1 B2 B3 I1 I2 I3 I4 A1 A2 A3
050
100150200250300
Descriptive Statistics-Phase 2Age 18-25 25-35 36-45 >45
23
90
58 6
Type of Work
Admin Operational19
158
Language Sinhala Tamil English177 - -
Gender Male Female175
2
Leaving Arrangements
With Patents 112Shared accommodation with friends
7
With Partner 41Living alone 1In a rehabilitation centre 15
Healing Home for War heroes
1
Employment Status
Full Time 177Part Time 0Casual 0
Management Level
Upper 0Middle 55Low 122
Income Less than Rs. 15,000 0
Rs. 15,000 – Rs. 25,000 5
Rs. 25,001 – Rs. 35,000 71
Rs. 35,001 – Rs. 45,000 89
Rs. 45,001 – Rs. 60,000 12
60,001 0
Adoption on Technologies (Computers/Web/Mobile)
Mobile
ComputersWeb
Conclusions
1. Basic level ICT Facilities more used by the Sri Lankan disabled
2. Mobile usage is high compare to the computer and web usage among this community
3. There fore Mobile Application Developers need to consider accessibility guidelines for this disabled groups.
Recommendations
Mobile Application
s Developme
nts Considerati
ons for Disabled
Community in Sri Lanka
• Add alternative text to images
• Consider Captioning for Audio and video
• Transcription facilities for brail and other devises
• Proper row and columns headers for tables
• Testing with assistive technologies
• Get feedback from people with disabilities
• Follow latest release on w3c ,WAI accessibility guidelines for mobile accessibility
ACKNOWLEDGMENTThis research has been support by:
KDU Centre of the IT Support and Services
The Support of the Administration and the employees of the Sri Lanka Army Light Infantry(SLLI) Regiment – Panagoda and Ranaviru Apparel Yakkala
Students of the KDU- BSc in ICT – Batch 29
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