Infectious and non infectious diseases

Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases By Lauren Goodwin

MalariaInfectious Disease

Cause and Transmission Malaria is caused a parasite

Plasmodium, found in certain types of mosquito

Transmitted by bites of certain types of mosquitoes

The parasites multiply in the liver and infect red blood cells

Symptoms Symptoms include: Fever Headache Vomiting Muscle pain Diarrhoea Tiredness Coughing Symptoms appear 10-15 days after bite If not treated, can become life threatening by disrupting the

blood Parasites have developed resistance to many medicines

around world

Treatment and Prevention  Effective and prompt treatment with artemisinin-

based combination therapies Some medicines don't work for malaria from some

parts of the world Choice of medicine depends on where you were

infected Chloroquine is often used as an anti-malarial

medication Use of insecticidal nets by people at risk Indoor residual spraying insecticide to control the

vector mosquitoes Wearing insect repellent and long sleeved clothing

Incidence Occurs in over 100 countries and territories Large parts of Central and South America, Hispaniola,

Africa, India, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Oceania Occurs in warmer regions of the world- tropical and

subtropical, warmer regions allow mosquitoes to thrive

More common in the wet season People most at risk are: Pregnant women Infants and children under 5 People with HIV/AIDS

Occurrences of Malaria in the World

Osteoporosis Non-infectious Disease

Causes Everyone’s bone start becoming lighter

and thinner from middle age Symptoms usually occur when an

excessive amount of bone is lost In other, more rare case, it is caused

from other illnesses In this case, osteoporosis is a secondary

disease and the primary illness must be treated first

Symptoms Give rise to bone pain Backaches Bones break easier from minor accidents Loss of height Bent spine However, it may not cause any

symptoms at all

Treatment and Prevention Osteoporosis can be treated and

prevented by: Eating a nutritious diet that include

large amounts of calcium and vitamin D Regular exercise Drinking alcohol less Not smoking

Incidence Higher risk of osteoporosis from 30

onwards More common in older people Occurs in most countries one in two women and one in five men

over the age of 50 will break a bone mainly because of poor bone health.

In 2011-12, 3.3% of Australians (726,000 people) reported having osteoporosis.

Vitamin D status around the world