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FRIENDS……Keep everything in silent mode for few
minutes……
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Top 5 Deadliest insects
1. .. .. .. .. .?2. Fleas 3. Bees 4. TseTse Fly5. Fire Ants
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• “substances or mixtures of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling any insect…”
INSECTicides
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Attractants
Repellants
Prevents insects to enter a specific area *Pheromones in high concentration
lures animals to a predetermined spot*Pheromones*Baits
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Systemic Insecticide
touch rather than inhalation or ingestion
moves to the point where the insect will contact or ingest it
Contact Insecticide
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Basic Chemical Groups
EstersAmines
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• Contact- dermal – through skin
• Stomach - oral – through mouth
• Respiration - inhalation by nose
Modes of Entry into Insects
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1.ORGANOCHLORINES
2.ORGANOPHOSPHARUS
3.CARBAMATES
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ORGANOCHLORINES
•t 1 / 2 = 7-30y•Persistent•Lipophil ic•Non-selective•Neurotoxins•Reproductive toxins
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Organochlorines
•Most have been banned in the U.S•Several were used in forestry• DDT• Lindane• Dicofol (Kelthane)• Endosulfan (Thiodan)
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•DICHLORO DIPHENYL TRICHLOROETHANE
•1874-ZEIDLER
•1939-PAUL MULLER.
DDT
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PROPERTIES•White amorphous powder
•Insoluble in water
•Soluble in organic solvents
•Attractant
•Technical has 70-80% of the para-para isomer
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• Contact poison
• No repellent action
• Neurotoxin
• Residual action last for 18 months
DDT ACTION
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• Applied at a dosage of 100-200 mg.per square foot area
• Earned the reputation of being an “environmental pollution”
• Many developed countries have restricted the use of DDT
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•Benzene hexachloride or hexachlorocyclohexane
•Michael Faraday -1825
•1933
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•White or chocolate coloured powder
• Musty smell
• Irritant to the eyes, nose & skin
•Repellant
•Crude form number of isomers with gamma isomer as the most active constituent
properties
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BHC vs DDT
•Technical HCH -13to 16 percent of the gamma isomer
•Pure HCH -99 percent of the gamma HCH
•More insecticidal than DDT
•Insecticidal action is not as prolonged as that of DDT
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DISADVANTAGES
•Acts against environment.
•danger to ecosystem.
•Plants treated with pesticides don’t need to produce as much of their own natural defenses, so the levels are lower.
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Valid? WHO Expert Committee “No valid reason to discontinue the use of DDT because its safety for human use remains unchallenged despite the tremendous amount of research”.
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