Palate , by dr.parthsarthi gautam, MDS

PALATE

Content

Introduction

Development of palate

Hard palate

Soft palate

Muscles

Blood supply

Nerve supply

funtions

Clinical consideration

Introduction

Palate is the roof of the mouth. It separates the oral

cavity from the nasal cavity

Lies in the roof of the oral cavity

Has two parts:

Hard (bony) palate anteriorly

Soft (muscular) palate posteriorly

Development of the Palate

Initially, during the 6th week of intrauterine development, there is a common oro-nasal cavity bounded anteriorly by the primary palate and occupied mainly by the developing tongue

The medial part is also known as the primary palate

because it develops first and is a floor to the nasal pits.

Lateral palatine process develop from the maxillary

tissues laterally & grow to midline.

The primary palate is formed by

the merging of the two median

nasal processes

Between the 7th and 8th weeks of

development, formation of the

secondary palate occurs

Formation of the palate involves

the fusion of two processes: the

right and left maxillary processes

and the medial nasal process

The median nasal process grows

downward and forward to form

the nasal septum

The growth into the

stomodeum from the

inside of the maxillary

processes is called the

right and left lateral

palatine processes,

which at first grows

downward to the

elevated tongue

As a result of the enlargement of

the mandible and a change in

the degree of flexion of the fetus

head, the tongue drops to the

floor of the stomodeum

When the tongue is removed

from the path of the growing

lateral palatine processes, the

processes are straightened to a

horizontal position

Then the lateral

palatine processes

grows medially at the

midline and fuse with

each other and with

the lower border of the

nasal septum to give

rise to the hard and soft

palate

At their anterior

borders, they meet and

fuse with the posterior

border of the

premaxillary growth

(primary palate)

The structure thus

formed is at once the

roof of the oral cavity

and the floor of the

nasal cavity

Hard Palate

Lies in the roof of the oral cavity

Forms the floor of the nasal cavity

Formed by:

Palatine processes of maxillae in front

Horizontal plates of palatine bones behind

Bounded by alveolar arches

Posteriorly, continuous with soft palate

Its undersurface covered by mucoperiosteum

Shows transverse ridges in the anterior parts

SOFT PALATE

movable muscular fold

suspended from post border of

hard palate

Separates nasopharynx from

oropharynx

Traffic controller

2 surfaces

2 borders

2 folds of mucous membrane

Soft Palate

Covered on its upper and lower

surfaces by mucous membrane

Composed of:

Muscle fibers

An aponeurosis

Lymphoid tissue

Glands

Blood vessels

Nerves

Palatine Aponeurosis

Fibrous sheath

Attached to posterior border of hard palate

Is flattened tendon of tensor velli palatini

Splits to enclose musculus uvulae

Gives origin & insertion to palatine muscles

Muscles

Tensor veli palatini

Origin: spine of

sphenoid;,scaphoid fossa,

auditory tube

Insertion: forms palatine

aponeurosis which is attached

to

(a) Posterior border of hard

palate

(b)Inf surface of palate behind

palatine crest

Action: Tenses soft palate,opensauditory tube

Muscles

Levator veli palatini

Origin: petrous temporal bone,

auditory tube, Enters pharynx by

passing over the upper concave

margin of sup constrictor

Insertion: palatine aponeurosis

Action: Raises soft palate also

dilates auditory tube

Muscles

Musculus uvulae

Origin: posterior nasal spine

Palatine aponeurosis

Insertion: mucosa of uvula

Action: Elevates uvula

Muscles

Palatopharyngeus

Origin: Ant Fasciculus

Post border of hard palate

Post fasciculus:palatine

aponeurosis

Insertion: posterior border of

thyroid cartilage

Action: Elevates wall of the

pharynx

Muscles

Palatoglossus

Origin: palatine

aponeurosis

Insertion: side of tongue

Action: pulls root of

tongue upward,

narrowing

oropharyngeal isthmus

Blood Supply

Greater palatine branch of the maxillary artery

Ascending palatine, branch of the facial artery

Palatine br of Ascending pharyngeal, branch of

the external carotid artery

VEINS;

Pterygoid and tonsillar plexus of veins

Lymphatics

Upper deep cervical&retropharyngeal

Sensory Nerve Supply

General Sensory:Mostly by the maxillary nerve

through its branches:

Middle lesser palatine nerve

Posterior lesser palatine nerve

Special Sensory:For taste sensations: lesser

palatine nerves:greater petrosal nerve :

geniculate ganglion :facial nerve nucleus of solitary tract.

Secretomotor;Lesser palatine nerves Derived from

sup. salivatory nucleus Travel through greater petrosal nerves.

Motor Nerve Supply

All the muscles, except tensor veli palatini, are

supplied by the:

Pharyngeal plexus

Tensor veli palatini supplied by the:

Nerve to medial pterygoid, a branch of the

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Movements & functions of Soft palate

Controls 2 gates

Isolates mouth from Oropharynx during chewing

Separates Oropharynx from nasopharynx

Vary degree of closure of pharyngeal isthmus to modify

quality of voice during coughing and sneezing

Lesions of the Palate

Torus Palatinus

Incisive Canal Cyst

Palatal Abscess

Benign Lymphoid Hyperplasia

Smokers palate

Necrotizing Sialometaplasia

Pleomorphic Adenoma

Monomorphic Adenoma

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Lymphoma Of the Palate

Clinical Considerations

Cleft palate – is the result of the non-fusion of the 2 palatine processes and the inferior border of the nasal septum

Uranoschisis – cleft hard palate

Torus palatinus

Is a bony protrusion on the

palate.

Palatal tori are usually present

on the midline of the hard

palate.

Staphyloschisis – cleft soft palate

Cleft palate:

Unilateral

Bilateral

Median

Pharyngeal isthmus

Signs and symptoms-open connection between the oral cavity and nasal cavity is called velopharyngeal

inadequacy (VPI).

-air leaks into the nasal cavity resulting in a hypernasal voice resonance and nasal emissions

while talking.

Treatmenttreatment options include speech therapy, prosthetics, augmentation of the posterior

pharyngeal wall, lengthening of the palate, and surgical procedures

Paralysis of the soft palate

The pharyngeal isthmus can not be

closed during swallowing and speech

Nasal regurgitation

Nasal twang

Flattening of Palatoglossal arch

Incisive Canal Cyst

Incisive canal cysts usually present as asymptomatic

palatal swellings

Smoker’s palate/ Stomatitis nicotina

it is a diffuse white patch on the hard palate, usually

caused by tobacco smoking, usually pipe or cigar

smoking.

It is a painless, and it is caused by a response of the

palatal oral mucosa to chronic heat

REFREANCES

GRAY’S ANATOMY 40TH EDITION

ATLAS OF HUMAN ANATOMY-NETTER 2006

WHEELERS’S DENTAL ANATOMY

TEN-CATES’S – ORAL HISTOLOGY

ORAL DEVLOPMENET AND HISTOLOGY, JAMES K AVERY, 3RD EDITION

NEVILLE, ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL PATHOLOGY

Thanking you

Guided by-

Dr. Basavaraj kallalli ( Dean & HOD)

Dr. Kamala.R .(Professor)

Dr. Shurthi. Patil (Sr. Lecturer)

Dr. Ankur (sr. lecturer)

Dr. piyush (sr. lecturer)

Presented by :-Parthsarthi gautam

P.G student

Narsinhbhai patel dental college &

hospital