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Physical Behaviour model and Event
Based analysis
Where events provide more information than volume
Malcolm Granat
Professor of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
School of Health Sciences University of Salford
1. Physical Behaviours model
2. Event based analysis
3. Analysis of walking behaviour
4. Sedentary behaviour and lying
5. Summary
Outline
LIGHT MODERATE
Physical Activity (PA)
INACTIVE VIGOROUS
Sedentary Behaviour (SB)
{ Current Models
?
?
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
LIGHT MODERATE
Physical Activity (PA)
INACTIVE VIGOROUS
Sedentary Behaviour (SB)
{ Physical Behaviours Model
Physical Behaviour (PB)
?
?
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
“Measurement of sleep in research: not a waste of time” Jean-Philippe Chaput
Physical Behaviours Model
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
• Physical Behaviours (PB) encompasses all Physical Activities and Sedentary Behaviour
• PB lead to Energy Expenditure
• Interventions aim to change PB
• Need to measure and quantify PB
Physical Behaviours Model
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
1. Physical Behaviours model
2. Event based analysis
3. Analysis of walking behaviour
4. Sedentary behaviour and lying
5. Summary and the future
Outline
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Epoch based
Granat. Event-based analysis of free-living behaviour. 2012, Physiological Measurement.
Conceptual approaches
Event based
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Epochs and Events
• Epoch a user defined period (usually 1 minute or 15 seconds) with a single value representing the acceleration in that time period.
• Event a continuous physical activity belonging to a single class with a defined start time and duration.
It may have another parameter(s) associated with it.
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Epochs and Events
• Epoch a user defined period (usually 1 minute or 15 seconds) with a single value representing the acceleration in that time period.
• Event a continuous physical activity belonging to a single class with a defined start time and duration.
It may have another parameter(s) associated with it.
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Sedentary Activities
Physical Behaviours
Upright Activities
Event-based approach
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Stepping
Sedentary Activities
Standing
Physical Behaviours
Sitting Lying
Upright Activities
Event-based approach
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Stepping
Sedentary Activities
Standing
Physical Behaviours
Circadian distribution [morning – afternoon – evening - night]
Sitting Lying
Stepping rate Slow - Moderate -
Vigorous
Stepping bouts Short - Medium - Long
Upright Activities
Event-based approach
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Stepping
Sedentary Activities
Standing
Physical Behaviours
Circadian distribution [morning – afternoon – evening - night]
Sitting Lying
Stepping rate Slow - Moderate -
Vigorous
Stepping bouts Short - Medium - Long
Upright Activities
Quantification of Physical Behaviours?
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Stepping
Sedentary Activities
Standing
Physical Behaviours
Circadian distribution [morning – afternoon – evening - night]
Sitting Lying
Stepping rate Slow - Moderate -
Vigorous
Stepping bouts Short - Medium - Long
Upright Activities
Pat
tern
s o
f Ev
en
ts
BEH
AV
IOU
R
Quantification of Physical Behaviours
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Data Visualisation
12 PM 01 PM 02 PM 03PM
Sitting/Lying
Standing
Walking
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Data Visualisation
Data to Life by Joss Langford
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Midnight
Midday
Visualisation
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Midnight
Midday
Visualisation
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Midnight
Midday
Visualisation
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Midnight
Midday
Visualisation
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Midnight
Midday
Visualisation
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Midnight
Midday
Visualisation
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Midnight
Midday
Visualisation
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Midnight
Midday
Visualisation
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Stepping
Sedentary Activities
Standing
Physical Behaviours
Circadian distribution [morning – afternoon – evening - night]
Sitting Lying
Stepping rate Slow - Moderate -
Vigorous
Stepping bouts Short - Medium - Long
Upright Activities
Pat
tern
s o
f Ev
en
ts
BEH
AV
IOU
R
Quantification of Physical Behaviours
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Quantification of Physical Behaviours
Pat
tern
s o
f Ev
en
ts
BEH
AV
IOU
R
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
1. Physical Behaviours model
2. Event based analysis
3. Analysis of walking behaviour
4. Sedentary behaviour and lying
5. Summary and the future
Outline
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Aim To objectively quantify their mobility challenges
The condition: Intermittent Claudication • Due to peripheral arterial disease • Cramping pain in legs on walking • Pain gets worse the longer walking • Pain relieved on resting
Challenges in free-living activities: • Interrupted/short walking bouts • Slower walking (Lower cadence)
Clinical Challenges – Limited walking ability
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Group 1 (n=30)
Diagnosis of
intermittent claudication
Group 2 (n=30)
Matched controls
Intermittent claudicants Matched controls
Sex [# female (%)] 12 (40%) 12 (40%)
Age [years] 67.2 ± 9.7 66.8 ± 10.5
BMI [kg.m-2] 26.2 ± 4.0 26.0 ± 4.4.
Both groups wore an activPAL for seven consecutive days
Clare Clarke’s PhD data
Clinical Challenges – Limited walking ability
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Clinical Challenges – Limited walking ability
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Stepping Standing
Upright Activities
Physical Behaviours
Clinical Challenges – Limited walking ability
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Stepping Standing
Stepping length Short - Medium - Long
Upright Activities
Physical Behaviours
Clinical Challenges – Limited walking ability
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Clinical Challenges – Limited walking ability
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Clinical Challenges – Limited walking ability
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Population Steps/day Average Cadence
Cadence Variability
Controls 8,436 68 25.2
IC patients 6,526 68 25.0
Clinical Challenges – Limited walking ability
Malcolm Granat
Clinical Challenges – Limited walking ability
Population Steps/day Average Cadence
Cadence Variability
Controls 3,303 99 14.2
IC patients 1,983 96 10.8 Malcolm Granat
Clinical Challenges – Limited walking ability
Population Steps/day Average Cadence
Cadence Variability
Controls 2,915 102 12.9
IC patients 1,269 98 8.5 Malcolm Granat
Clinical Challenges – Limited walking ability
Population Steps/day Average Cadence
Cadence Variability
Controls 1,950 107 11.8
IC patients 1,442 101 7.8 Malcolm Granat
1. Physical Behaviours model
2. Event based analysis
3. Analysis of walking behaviour
4. Sedentary behaviour and lying
5. Summary and the future
Outline
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Sedentary Behaviour and Lying
Sedentary Activities
Physical Behaviours
Sitting Lying
y-axis
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Sedentary Behaviour and Lying
y-axis
0g
+1g
-1g
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Sedentary Behaviour and Lying
y-axis
0g
+1g
-1g
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Sedentary Behaviour and Lying
y-axis
0g
+1g
-1g
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Midnight
Midday
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Midnight
Midday
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Midnight
Midday
Sedentary Activities
Sitting Lying
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
1. Physical Behaviours model and Event based analysis
2. Upright analysis
3. Sedentary behaviour and lying
4. Analysis of cadence
5. Summary and the future
Outline
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Malcolm Granat ISBNPA, San Diego, May 2014
Thank YOU for listening
And thank you to: • Clare Clarke, University of Dundee • Philippa Dall, Glasgow Caledonian University • Ben Stansfield, Glasgow Caledonian University • David Loudon, PAL Technologies Ltd
Contact details
email: m.h.granat@salford.ac.uk
ICAMPAM 2015
Limerick, Ireland 10th – 12th June 2015
www.icampam2015.org The latest research on the measurement of Physical Behaviour
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