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Prevention of Anaemia
By Kavya Liyanage
Why to Prevent?
About 25% of the total population affected world widely
Pregnant women, children mostly affected
Dietary Precautions
Consuming food rich in
Iron
Decreases the risk of iron deficiency anaemia
Vitamin B12
Decreases the risk of megaloblastic/ pernious anaemia
Folic acid Decreases the risk of megaloblastic/ pernious anaemia
Ascorbic acid
Increases iron absorption
Vegetarian food
•Milk, lentils, green leaves, beans, whole grains etc
Non-vegetarian
•Red meat, egg yolk etc
Cont.. Dietary Precautions
Not consuming caffeine just after
meals Eg- tea, coffee
Decreases ability of iron absorption
Parasite infestation
Reduces iron loss via parasite infestations
Deworming on a regular basis -
eg: Albendazole
Daily iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnancy WHO recommendations
Dose Iron: 30–60 mg of elemental ironFolic acid: 400 μg (0.4 mg)
Frequency One supplement daily
Duration Throughout pregnancy should begin as early as possible
Supplementation during Pregnancy
Pregnancy
Avoid repeated pregnancies less than 2 years
Avoid early teenage pregnancies
Early Childhood
Avoid introduction of inappropriate, non-fortified substitute of breast milk
Avoid too early and too late introduction of complementary food
Carrier screening
Partners belonging to ethnic groups at risk of being carriers
Pre-conceptionally or as early as possible in the pregnancy
Tests for screening
• Complete blood count
• Hb electrophoresis /Hb high performance liquid chromatography
• HbA2 and HbF quantitation
If at risk, genetic
counseling
• For thalassaemia and other haemaglobinopathies
Blood donations
Consecutive whole blood
donations once a two month
within a year, should not exceed 3l
Frequency depend on
individual basis
Premenopausal women not
often as men
Aplastic Anemia
Decrease the risk by avoiding exposure to
Insecticides HerbicidesOrganic solvents
Paint removers
Other toxic chemicals
Awareness Campaigns
• Public awareness
References
• Prevention and control of nutritional anaemias – South Asian priority – UNICEF organization
• Daily iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnant women – WHO organization
• WHO technical report series, No 540, 1994 Requirement for the collection, processing and quality control of the blood, blood components and plasma derivatives
• JOINT SOGC–CCMG CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE,No. 218, October 2008 - Carrier Screening for Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies in Canada
• Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine
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