End Prohibition powerpoint

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Before 1914 heroin could be bought Before 1914 heroin could be bought from grocery storesfrom grocery stores

1.3 %1.3 %of population was of population was addicted to drugsaddicted to drugs

The Many Faces of Jack ColeThe Many Faces of Jack Cole

19641964

19701970

19701970Percent of population addictedPercent of population addicted

1.3 %1.3 %

Deaths as result of drug cultureDeaths as result of drug culture

1970 = Less likely than1970 = Less likely than

Falling down stairsFalling down stairs

Choking on foodChoking on food

Drug Problem?Drug Problem?

1970 = Soft Drugs1970 = Soft Drugs

Hard Drugs virtually Hard Drugs virtually unheard of…unheard of…

DEA Briefing Book 2001DEA Briefing Book 2001

1970 1.5 %$6.00

$0.80 38 %38 %

$3.90$3.90 3.6%3.6%

US Drug Users According to DEAUS Drug Users According to DEA

1965 = 4 million1965 = 4 millionTwo percent of that Two percent of that

populationpopulation

2003 = 112 million2003 = 112 million46 percent of 46 percent of that populationthat population

Money spent fighting the Drug WarMoney spent fighting the Drug War

1970 = $100 million1970 = $100 million

2003 = $70 billion2003 = $70 billion

Drug seizures for local or Drug seizures for local or state police in 1970 state police in 1970

One ounce of CocaineOne ounce of Cocaine

One quarter ounce of HeroinOne quarter ounce of Heroin

Drug seizures by 2002Drug seizures by 2002

Ten tons of HeroinTen tons of Heroin

Twenty tons of Twenty tons of CocaineCocaine

Wholesale Cocaine CostsWholesale Cocaine Costs

60 %60 %LESSLESS

Wholesale Heroin CostsWholesale Heroin Costs

70 %70 %LESSLESS

Heroin Overdose RateHeroin Overdose Rateper 100,000 usersper 100,000 users

1979 = 28 Deaths1979 = 28 Deaths

2000 = 141 Deaths2000 = 141 Deaths

Marijuana Arrests and Total Drug Arrests in the US

Marijuana Arrests and Total Drug Arrests in the USMarijuana Arrests and Total Drug Arrests in the US

YearYearTotal Drug Total Drug

ArrestsArrestsTotal Marijuana Total Marijuana

ArrestsArrests

Marijuana Marijuana Trafficking/Sale Trafficking/Sale

ArrestsArrests

Marijuana Marijuana Possession Possession

ArrestsArrests

20052005 1,865,7121,865,712 771,605771,605 87,28687,286 684,319684,319

20002000 1,579,5661,579,566 734,497734,497 88,45588,455 646,042646,042

19991999 1,532,2001,532,200 704,812704,812 84,27184,271 620,541620,541

19981998 1,559,1001,559,100 682,885682,885 84,19184,191 598,694598,694

19971997 1,583,6001,583,600 695,201695,201 88,68288,682 606,519606,519

19961996 1,506,2001,506,200 641,642641,642 94,89194,891 546,751546,751

19951995 1,476,1001,476,100 588,964588,964 85,61485,614 503,350503,350

19901990 1,089,5001,089,500 326,850326,850 66,46066,460 260,390260,390

19801980 580,900580,900 401,982401,982 63,31863,318 338,664338,664

19701970 415,600415,600 180,000180,000

Drug Arrests QuadrupledDrug Arrests Quadrupled

1.9 million1.9 million 774,605774,605 88 %88 %

½ Million½ Million

US Tax Dollars SpentUS Tax Dollars SpentProsecuting the War on DrugsProsecuting the War on Drugs

One One TrillionTrillion

Cumulative U.S. Drug Arrests 1970 to 2005Cumulative U.S. Drug Arrests 1970 to 2005

US Cumulative Arrests for Nonviolent Drug Offenses 1970 to 2006 in Millions

Adults Juveniles Total

39 Million39 Million

ArrestsArrests

20022002Percent of population addictedPercent of population addicted

1.3 %1.3 %

Percent of population addictedPercent of population addicted--Nothing has changed----Nothing has changed--

1.3 %1.3 % When drugs legalWhen drugs legal

1.3 %1.3 % When drugs illegalWhen drugs illegal

1.3 %1.3 % After 38 year warAfter 38 year war

Clearance Rates for Violent and Property CrimesClearance Rates for Violent and Property Crimes

UnsolvedUnsolved40% of murders40% of murders

60% of rapes & arsons60% of rapes & arsons75% of robberies75% of robberies46% of Assaults46% of Assaults

83% of property Crimes83% of property Crimes

1963 Police Credited 1963 Police Credited With solvingWith solving

91 % of Murders91 % of MurdersToday

55 % of Murders

36 Percent 36 Percent Fewer Solved Fewer Solved

MurdersMurders

Chasing Chasing nonviolent Drug nonviolent Drug

UsersUsers

Protect us from Protect us from

VIOLENTVIOLENTPredatorsPredators

How Has Prohibition ChangedHow Has Prohibition ChangedDrug Use in US Schools?Drug Use in US Schools?

““THIS SURVEY confirms that THIS SURVEY confirms that our drug-prevention efforts are our drug-prevention efforts are working and that when we work working and that when we work together and push back, the drug together and push back, the drug problem gets smaller.”problem gets smaller.”

US Drug Czar John WaltersUS Drug Czar John Walters

Monitoring the Future 2002Monitoring the Future 2002

An ongoing study of the behaviors, An ongoing study of the behaviors, attitudes, and values of American attitudes, and values of American

secondary school students, college students, secondary school students, college students, and young adultsand young adults

Between 1991 and 2002 Between 1991 and 2002 marijuana usemarijuana use among among students in all school students in all school

gradesgrades increased.increased.

30 % increase30 % increase forfor

12th graders12th graders

School children report it School children report it is easier to buy illegal is easier to buy illegal drugs than it is to buy drugs than it is to buy

beer or cigarettesbeer or cigarettes

International Trade in International Trade in Illicit DrugsIllicit Drugs

Annually generates:Annually generates:

$500 billion$500 billion

This is a mere $255 millionThis is a mere $255 million

$500 billion$500 billionwould cover a room would cover a room 2,000 times this size2,000 times this size

Alternative Policy SolutionAlternative Policy Solution

Remove the Remove the profit motiveprofit motive

continuously enhanced for 30 years by thecontinuously enhanced for 30 years by the

United States policy of aUnited States policy of a

WAR ON DRUGSWAR ON DRUGS

End ProhibitionEnd Prohibition1. Legalize Drugs1. Legalize Drugs

Won’t legalization cause Won’t legalization cause everyone to use drugs?everyone to use drugs?

10th graders in Holland who have tried marijuana:

28 %28 %

Won’t legalization cause Won’t legalization cause everyone to use drugs?everyone to use drugs?

1010thth graders in the graders in the U.S. who have U.S. who have

tried marijuana:tried marijuana:41 %41 %

Drug and Violence Indicators Drug and Violence Indicators - US and the Netherlands- US and the Netherlands - -

Marijuana UseMarijuana Use Lifetime prevalenceLifetime prevalence

37% 17%37% 17%USA Netherlands

Heroin UseHeroin UseLifetime prevalenceLifetime prevalence

1.4% 0.4%1.4% 0.4% USA Netherlands

Homicide rateHomicide rateper 100,000 populationper 100,000 population

5.6 1.55.6 1.5 USA Netherlands

Incarceration Rates inIncarceration Rates inWestern European NationsWestern European Nations

At or belowAt or below

150150Per 100,000 populationPer 100,000 population

Incarceration Rates in theIncarceration Rates in theUnited StatesUnited States

By March 2008By March 2008

1,0091,009Per 100,000 populationPer 100,000 population

Federal Drug Imprisonments

Percentage Increase of Federal Prisoners from 1970 - 2005

Drug Offender Non Drug Offender

+2,558%+2,558%

+294%+294%3,3843,384

17,30217,302

Who Uses and Sells Drugs?Who Uses and Sells Drugs?

Whites constitute Whites constitute 72% of all drug 72% of all drug users in the USusers in the US

Blacks constitute Blacks constitute 13.5% of all drug 13.5% of all drug

users in the USusers in the US

Who Gets Arrested?Who Gets Arrested?

37% of those 37% of those arrested for drug arrested for drug

violations are Blackviolations are Black

Who Goes to Prison?Who Goes to Prison?

60% of those in60% of those instate prisons for state prisons for drug feloniesdrug felonies are are

BlackBlack

81% of federal 81% of federal drug offenders drug offenders

are blackare black

Who Goes to Prison?Who Goes to Prison?

Blacks Blacks are now serving are now serving an average ofan average of six years six years, ,

while while whites whites are serving are serving onlyonly four years four years..

Bureau of Justice StatisticsBureau of Justice Statistics

DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisement

14% of black men 14% of black men lost right to votelost right to vote

Black male born Black male born today has atoday has a one- one-

in-three in-three chance of chance of serving time in serving time in

prisonprison

Of convicted defendantsOf convicted defendants

33% of whites 33% of whites received a prison received a prison

sentencesentence

Nine in 10 prisoners Nine in 10 prisoners serving mandatory sentences serving mandatory sentences for drug offenses in New York for drug offenses in New York

State prisonsState prisons areare

black or Latinoblack or Latino

Of convicted defendantsOf convicted defendants

51% of Blacks 51% of Blacks received prison received prison

sentencessentences

DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisement

In Texas 31% of In Texas 31% of black men lost black men lost right to voteright to vote

Incarceration Rates in theIncarceration Rates in theUnited StatesUnited StatesWhite MalesWhite Males

943943Per 100,000 populationPer 100,000 population

Incarceration Rate of Black MalesIncarceration Rate of Black MalesPer 100,000 populationPer 100,000 population

South Africa - 1993 South Africa - 1993 Under ApartheidUnder Apartheid 851851

United States - 2008United States - 2008Under ProhibitionUnder Prohibition 6,6676,667

Outcomes ofOutcomes ofLegalizationLegalization

1.9 million less people 1.9 million less people arrested each year arrested each year

70 Billion Dollars saved 70 Billion Dollars saved each yeareach year

End ProhibitionEnd Prohibition1. Legalize Drugs1. Legalize Drugs

2. Have the federal 2. Have the federal government produce government produce

those drugsthose drugs

Outcomes ofOutcomes ofGovernment ProductionGovernment Production

1. Quality controlled 1. Quality controlled production for consistencyproduction for consistency

2. Standardized 2. Standardized measurement and potencymeasurement and potency

End of overdosesEnd of overdoses

1. 1. Legalize DrugsLegalize Drugs2. Government production2. Government production

3. Sell drugs to adults 3. Sell drugs to adults from state package from state package

stores and Tax the salesstores and Tax the sales

3. Distribute free maintenance doses of

drugs to any adult requesting them

Results of treating heroin Results of treating heroin addiction with heroinaddiction with heroin

SwitzerlandSwitzerlandNetherlandsNetherlands

GermanyGermanyDenmarkDenmark

Results of treating heroin Results of treating heroin addiction with heroinaddiction with heroin

Crime was cut Crime was cut by 60%by 60%

AIDSAIDSandand

HEPATITISHEPATITISdropped to the lowest of dropped to the lowest of any countries in Europeany countries in Europe

82 % DECLINE82 % DECLINEIN NEWIN NEW

HEROIN USERS!HEROIN USERS!

Not one Not one Overdose DeathOverdose Death

since 1994since 1994

1. 1. Legalize DrugsLegalize Drugs2. Government production2. Government production3. Distribute free doses3. Distribute free doses

4. Redirect money saved to 4. Redirect money saved to programs that offer people programs that offer people

hope for the futurehope for the future

Programs offering hopePrograms offering hopeGuaranteed MinimumsGuaranteed Minimums

Education -Education -

Health Care -Health Care -

Housing -Housing -

Job TrainingJob Training

EmploymentEmployment

Livable WagesLivable Wages

Programs offering hopePrograms offering hope

Rehabilitation Rehabilitation CentersCenters

Results of offering people Results of offering people hope for the futurehope for the future

Less need to use drugsLess need to use drugs

Less drug addictsLess drug addicts

3. Distribute free doses3. Distribute free doses4.4. Create hope for the future Create hope for the future

5. Redirect money saved 5. Redirect money saved to programs that offer true to programs that offer true

education about drugseducation about drugs

Does Education Work?Does Education Work?

1985 1985 United StatesUnited States

42%42% smoked tobaccosmoked tobacco

2003 2003 United StatesUnited States

Only Only 21%21% smoked tobaccosmoked tobacco

3. Distribute free doses3. Distribute free doses

4. Create hope for the future4. Create hope for the future

5. Educate users and public5. Educate users and public

Albert Einstein on ProhibitionAlbert Einstein on ProhibitionThe prestige of government has The prestige of government has undoubtedly been lowered undoubtedly been lowered considerably by the Prohibition considerably by the Prohibition law. For nothing is more law. For nothing is more destructive of respect for the destructive of respect for the government and the law of the government and the law of the land than passing laws which land than passing laws which cannot be enforcedcannot be enforced. It is an open . It is an open secret that the dangerous secret that the dangerous increase of crime in this country increase of crime in this country is closely connected with this.is closely connected with this.

Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein

Prohibition - When will we learn?Prohibition - When will we learn?

Members of the Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform pose for a photograph in 1932 (courtesy of the Hagly Museum and Library, Wilmington, Delaware). We are having to relearn the same lesson today that they learned 69 years ago.

Prohibition - When will we learn?Prohibition - When will we learn?

Members of the Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform pose for a photograph in 1932 (courtesy of the Hagly Museum and Library, Wilmington, Delaware). We are having to relearn the same lesson today that they learned 69 years ago.

Save our ChildrenSave our ChildrenStampStampOut Out

ProhibitionProhibition

Members of the Women's Organization for National Prohibition ReformMembers of the Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform

Save our Save our ChildrenChildren

Stamp Out Stamp Out ProhibitionProhibition

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Alcohol Prohibition Didn’t Work EitherAlcohol Prohibition Didn’t Work Either

15,000 saloons15,000 saloons

32,000 32,000 SpeakeasysSpeakeasys

30-Day Prevalence of Use of Methamphetamine1999 to 2007

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade

Methamphetamine use decreased Methamphetamine use decreased Since 1999Since 1999

-45% for 8-45% for 8thth Graders Graders-78% for 10-78% for 10thth Graders Graders-65% for 12-65% for 12thth Graders Graders

Inmates there for crimes to Inmates there for crimes to get money to buy drugsget money to buy drugs

State Prisons = 17%State Prisons = 17%Jails = 13%Jails = 13%

Federal Inmates = 18%Federal Inmates = 18%

International Prisoner International Prisoner Comparison per 100,000 Comparison per 100,000

PopulatioPopulatio

Crimes and Imprisonment per capita

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Denmark:

United Kingdom:

United States:

Netherlands:

Germany:

Norway:

France:

Hungary:

Estonia:

Czech Republic:

Italy:

Switzerland:

Portugal:

Poland:

Lithuania:

Spain:

Latvia:

Russia:

Bulgaria:

Romania:

Slovakia:

Belarus:

Ukraine:

Greece:

Turkey:

Armenia:

Georgia:

Azerbaijan:

Crimes per 1,000 population Imprisonment per 100,000 population

Countries indicated in Green Countries indicated in Green have initiated some type of have initiated some type of

decriminalization of illicit drugs.decriminalization of illicit drugs.

What does imprisoning What does imprisoning people for Non-Violent people for Non-Violent

drug violations have to do drug violations have to do with reducing crime?with reducing crime?

Prevalence of Use of Any Illicit Drug (2001 – 2007)Prevalence of Use of Any Illicit Drug (2001 – 2007)

Prevelance of Use of Any Illicit Drug in Last Month

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

t8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade

From DEA PresentationFrom DEA Presentation

Prevalence of Use of Any Illicit Drug (2001 – 2007)Prevalence of Use of Any Illicit Drug (2001 – 2007)

Prevelance of Use of Any Illicit Drug in Last Month

8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade

Prevalence of Use of Any Illicit Drug Prevalence of Use of Any Illicit Drug in the Last Monthin the Last Month

Monitoring the Future Monitoring the Future 2007 Prevalence of Use of 2007 Prevalence of Use of

illicit Drugsillicit Drugs

8th 8th GradeGrade

10th 10th GradeGrade

12th 12th GradeGrade

DEA presentationDEA presentation

(2001-2007)(2001-2007) -37% -37% -26% -26% -15% -15%

LEAP presentationLEAP presentation

(1991-2007)(1991-2007) 30% 30% 46% 46% 34% 34%

Increased Prevalence of Increased Prevalence of Monthly Marijuana UseMonthly Marijuana Use

(1990 – 2005)(1990 – 2005)

AgeAge12-1712-17

AgeAge18-2418-24

AgeAge25-3425-34

AgeAge35+35+ TotalTotal

Source: National Survey on Drug Use and Health; National Household Survey on Drug Abuse

68%68% 48%48% -10%-10% 103%103% 43%43%

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