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CITIES FOR PEOPLECITIES FOR PEOPLE
JAN GEHL, PROFESSOR, DR. LITT. FOUNDING PARTNER: GEHL ARCHITECTS
URBAN QUALITY CONSULTANTS, COPENHAGEN
CHANGE OF PARADIGM 1
1960
CHANGE OF PARADIGM 2
From 1955…. Car invasionCar invasion
Perth, West Australia Elsinore, Denmark
Jane JacobsJane JacobsJane Jacobs Jane Jacobs **
1961196119611961
Lower Manhattan Expressway
Celebrating the Gateway in Washington Square Park!
”THE BRASILIA SYNDROME”!(City Planning from 5 000 meter above(City Planning from 5.000 meter above the ground )
THE PLANNERS :PLANNING FROM ABOVE AND FROM A DISTANCE
Brasilia (1955- )
Brasilia -The people scale is completely neglected
Downtown, Dubai
THE ARCHITECTS : MORE AND MORE FOCUSSED ON FORM
Downtown, Dubai
Brooklyn, New York – Residences: Frank Gehry
THE TRAFFIC PLANNERS: MAKING ROOM FOR THE TRAFFIC
THE TRAFFIC PLANNERS: MAKING THE CARS HAPPY
All Cities have TrafficAll Cities have Traffic Departments and perfect statistics concerning traffic and parkingand parking*Th i ibl dThe cars are very visible and everpresent in the planning p p gprocess
Landscape Architects: Looking after the landscape?
Who, by the way, look after the People Landscape The Human Dimension – The City at eye level ?
Do you know of any City department for pedestrians and public life?pedestrians and public life?
Hardly any City has statistics and dataHardly any City has statistics and data concerning the people who use the city
The people in the City tend to be very invisible and poorly represented in the planning processp a g p ocess
”Welcome to the New London” (Norman Foster)
Enjoy yourself in EuroLille (Rem Koolhaas)
Welcome to the Riverside and please enjoy!!!
Old Housing area (1905) Copenhagen, Denmark
Uninteresting
Cope age , e a
Uninteresting City Plan Scale
But a really nice d i itiand inviting
People Scale
The most important scale of all is People ScalePeople Scale
The City at eye level and at 5 km/hy y
2010 Aft 50After 50 years: Another changeAnother change of Paradigmof ParadigmWANTED:WANTED: - Lively City
Attractive City- Attractive City - Safe City
Sustainable City- Sustainable City - Healthy City
“CITIES FOR PEOPLE” (sept 2010) ( p )The neglected dimension
Lively City
Attractive City
People Scale, Less Stress, Less Noise, Less Pollution + a City p ydominated by Attraction No. 1: PEOPLE
Safe citySafe city
Sustainable City
A good Public Realm is a crucial factor for good Public Transportation
Healthy City
“H t th Cit ith th“Houston - the City with the fattest people of the World”
INVITATIONSINVITATIONSINVITATIONS INVITATIONS TOTOTO TO
THE CITYTHE CITYTHE CITYTHE CITY
More Roads = More Traffic
Taking down Freeways, San Francisco, USAg y , ,
Seoul, Korea
beforebefore
after
London – Congestion Charge 2003
Congestion charge area - 24 square kilometers
On a citywide network of bicycle lanesBicycling in CopenhagenOn a citywide network of bicycle lanes
An efficient, citywide transportation system
Bicycles are taken straight through the g gstreet crossings and the lanes are marked with blueblue.
Bicycle signals turn greensix seconds before the car signals.
Trains & Metro welcomingwelcoming bicycles
Everybody bikes
Cello and bass players cycle
A 92All Age Groups bicycle: from 5-85+
Age 92
Mother in law: age 85
The Danish Crown Prince is doing it too
Two guys on the road towards the thronePrinces Frederik and Christian on theirChristian on their way to the day care
50% Australian kid !
Even AustraliansEven Australians can learn to bicycle if they start early!
Bicycling has doubled in 10 years
Going to work in the City of Copenhagen
37% use bicycle37% use bicycle27% drive car33% use public transit5% walk
70% continue to bike in the winter
Major complaint : Congestion…On the bicycle lanes!
Copenhagen From traffic place to people placep p p p
Strøget (main street) pedestrianized 1962pedestrianized 1962
Jane Jacobs 1961
Strøget Copenhagen p gpedestrian st. 1962
In 1962 all 18 squares were parking lots h ll l‐ now they are all people squares
Public Space-Public Life Surveys: Copenhagen 1968, 1985, 1995 (+2005)
The development of pedestrian areas in the city from 1962…7 times more People Space!
Many more People are walking in the city
4 times more people spend time in the city
I l 40 th d h bIn only 40 years the good season has been extended from 2 to 10 months
Copenhagen Street: 2 Copenhagen Street: 2 Sidewalks, 2 proper bicycle Sidewalks, 2 proper bicycle lanes street trees 2 laneslanes street trees 2 laneslanes, street trees, 2 lanes lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a for 2 way traffic, and a substansubstan-- tial median to tial median to f ilit t i thf ilit t i thfacilitate crossing the facilitate crossing the streetstreet
““We do not ha e to thinkWe do not ha e to think““We do not have to think We do not have to think and act as 1960s traffic and act as 1960s traffic engineers for everengineers for ever. T. Times imes are changing and traffic are changing and traffic engineers are by now much engineers are by now much smarter”smarter”smartersmarter
Sidewalks and bicycle lanes are taken across sidestreets, making the city more comfortable and people friendly!
Copenhagen: New Public Life Policy 2009: Copenhagen: New Public Life Policy 2009: “THE “THE WORLD’S FINEST CITY FOR PEOPLE”WORLD’S FINEST CITY FOR PEOPLE”Consultants: GEHL ArchitectConsultants: GEHL Architect
Among the goals: “Everyone to walk 20% more by 2015!!!”Among the goals: “Everyone to walk 20% more by 2015!!!”
Melbourne, - 3 mil. Inh.
The Age c. 1980
Places for PeoplePlaces for People1994 1994
Places for PeoplePlaces for Peoplepp2004 2004
www.gehlarchitects.dkwww.gehlarchitects.dk
MELBOURNE City Center 1994-2004
P d t i t ffi kd d ti 40%Pedestrian traffic weekdays daytime: +40%Pedestrian traffic evening: +100 %Stationary activities: +200-300%
RetailRetail
ResidentialResidential
Office VacanciesOffice Vacancies
EmploymentEmployment
Bars and PubsBars and Pubs
Copenhagen M lb O t 07Copenhagen Melbourne Oct. 07
A CITY GOOD AT PARTIES, OLYMPICS and SUMMITS…
… BUT NOT SO GLORIOUS FOR THE EVERYDAY LIFE
Main Street in Sydney to be transformed to pedestrians bicycles and light railto pedestrians, bicycles and light rail
Present situation George St. after conversion
9th Ave. Apr.08
9th A S 089th Ave. Sep.08
20052005
20092009
Broadway Boulevard23 May 2009y
“When you can make it there you can make it yanywhere,New York, New York !!”
WELCOME TO THE 21st CENTURY
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